Rosen Mark J
American College of Chest Physicians, Northbrook, Illinois, USA.
Respirology. 2008 Mar;13(2):181-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01167.x.
The AIDS epidemic has had a devastating global impact in the last two decades; although prevalence rates are low in Asia and the Pacific, their enormous population is associated with an estimated 1 million people infected with HIV in 2006 alone. Survival from what had been a uniformly fatal illness has improved markedly with combination antiretroviral therapy and restoration of the immune system, but these treatments are expensive and difficult to distribute to the millions who need them around the world. In addition, millions more do not know they are infected with HIV until they develop an opportunistic infection. The lungs are the most frequent sites of these infections, and in different geographic regions, tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis jiroveci are the dominant pathogens. The incidences of lung cancer and HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension are also increasing in patients with HIV infection, and with the use of antiretrovirals, inflammatory disorders associated with immune restoration are being recognized.
在过去二十年中，艾滋病疫情对全球产生了毁灭性影响；尽管亚太地区的患病率较低，但该地区庞大的人口数量意味着仅在2006年就估计有100万人感染了艾滋病毒。联合抗逆转录病毒疗法和免疫系统的恢复使原本必死无疑的疾病的存活率有了显著提高，但这些治疗费用高昂，且难以分发给全球数百万需要它们的人。此外，还有数百万人直到出现机会性感染才知道自己感染了艾滋病毒。肺部是这些感染最常见的部位，在不同地理区域，结核病、细菌性肺炎和耶氏肺孢子菌是主要病原体。艾滋病毒感染者中肺癌和与艾滋病毒相关的肺动脉高压的发病率也在上升，并且随着抗逆转录病毒药物的使用，与免疫重建相关的炎症性疾病也逐渐被认识到。
