Boen Filip, van Hoye Karen, Auweele Yves Vanden, Feys Jos, Smits Tim
Department of Human Kinesiology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
J Sports Sci. 2008 Apr;26(6):621-8. doi: 10.1080/02640410701670393.
The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to determine whether open feedback (i.e. the ability to hear or see the scores of colleague judges after each performance) would lead judges in gymnastics to conform with their colleagues, and (2) to identify the underlying process on which this conformity is based. Twenty-three certified Flemish judges in women's gymnastics were randomly divided into panels of a maximum of five judges. These panels had to rate the same 30 videotaped individual vaults: 15 in phase 1 and 15 in phase 2. Two independent variables were orthogonally manipulated: feedback (or no feedback) during phase 1 and feedback (or no feedback) during phase 2. The results of phase 1 revealed that the variation between the judges' scores was less within panels that had received feedback than within panels that had not received feedback. We therefore conclude that the availability of feedback elicits conformity among gymnastic judges. The results of phase 2 indicated that this conformity continued even when feedback was no longer provided, suggesting that the observed conformity was based on informational influencing (i.e. because of uncertainty about the correct responses) and not on normative influencing (i.e. out of fear of standing out in the group).
（1）确定公开反馈（即每次表演后能够听到或看到同事评委的分数）是否会导致体操裁判与同事保持一致，以及（2）确定这种一致性所基于的潜在过程。23名获得认证的弗拉芒女子体操裁判被随机分成最多由五名裁判组成的小组。这些小组必须对相同的30个录像的个人跳马进行评分：第1阶段15个，第2阶段15个。两个自变量被正交操纵：第1阶段的反馈（或无反馈）和第2阶段的反馈（或无反馈）。第1阶段的结果显示，与未收到反馈的小组相比，收到反馈的小组内裁判分数之间的差异更小。因此，我们得出结论，反馈的可用性会引发体操裁判之间的一致性。第2阶段的结果表明，即使不再提供反馈，这种一致性仍然持续，这表明观察到的一致性是基于信息影响（即由于对正确答案的不确定性），而不是基于规范影响（即出于害怕在群体中脱颖而出）。
