Kramer Robin S S
Department of Psychology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , UK.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Jan 25;4(1):160812. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160812. eCollection 2017 Jan.
When judging performances in a sequence, the current score is often influenced by the preceding score. Where athletes are perceived to be similar, a judgement is assimilated towards the previous one. However, if judges focus on the differences between the two athletes, this will result in a contrasting influence on their scores. Here, I investigate sequential effects during synchronized diving events at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games. Although previous research found assimilation in scores of gymnasts, the current data showed contrast effects-current scores benefited from following a poor performance but were at a disadvantage if they followed a high-scoring performance. One explanation may be that the processes involved in judging synchronized pairs results in a focus on the differences between athletes, producing a contrast effect across dives. That the specific direction of this sequential bias may depend on the particular sport has implications for how judges might approach their roles in a context-dependent manner, as well as how such biases should be addressed.
在评判一连串的表现时，当前得分常常会受到前一个得分的影响。当运动员被认为水平相近时，评判会趋向于与前一个保持一致。然而，如果裁判关注两名运动员之间的差异，这将对他们的得分产生相反的影响。在此，我研究了2012年和2016年奥运会双人跳水项目中的序列效应。尽管先前的研究发现体操运动员的得分存在同化现象，但当前的数据显示出对比效应——当前得分在较差表现之后会受益，但如果在高分表现之后则处于劣势。一种解释可能是，评判双人组合表现的过程导致对运动员之间差异的关注，从而在各跳中产生对比效应。这种序列偏差的具体方向可能取决于特定运动项目，这对于裁判如何根据具体情况履行职责以及如何应对此类偏差具有启示意义。
