Pheasant Robert, Horoshenkov Kirill, Watts Greg, Barrett Brendan
School of Engineering, Design and Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Mar;123(3):1446-57. doi: 10.1121/1.2831735.
Prior to this work no structured mechanism existed in the UK to evaluate the tranquillity of open spaces with respect to the characteristics of both acoustic and visual stimuli. This is largely due to the fact that within the context of "tranquil" environments, little is known about the interaction of the audio-visual modalities and how they combine to lead to the perception of tranquillity. This paper presents the findings of a study in which visual and acoustic data, captured from 11 English rural and urban landscapes, were used by 44 volunteers to make subjective assessments of both their perceived tranquillity of a location, and the loudness of five generic soundscape components. The results were then analyzed alongside objective measurements taken in the laboratory. It was found that the maximum sound pressure level (L(Amax)) and the percentage of natural features present at a location were the key factors influencing tranquillity. Engineering formulas for the tranquillity as a function of the noise level and proportion of the natural features are proposed.
在这项工作开展之前，英国没有结构化机制来根据声学和视觉刺激的特征评估开放空间的宁静程度。这主要是因为在“宁静”环境的背景下，人们对视听模态的相互作用以及它们如何共同导致宁静感知之甚少。本文介绍了一项研究的结果，在该研究中，44名志愿者利用从11处英格兰乡村和城市景观中采集的视觉和声学数据，对某个地点的宁静感以及五个通用声景成分的响度进行主观评估。然后将结果与在实验室进行的客观测量结果一起进行分析。结果发现，最大声压级（L(Amax)）和某个地点自然特征的占比是影响宁静程度的关键因素。文中提出了宁静程度与噪声水平和自然特征比例之间关系的工程公式。
