Department of Experimental Psychology, Crossmodal Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2020 Sep 18;5(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s41235-020-00243-4.
Traditionally, architectural practice has been dominated by the eye/sight. In recent decades, though, architects and designers have increasingly started to consider the other senses, namely sound, touch (including proprioception, kinesthesis, and the vestibular sense), smell, and on rare occasions, even taste in their work. As yet, there has been little recognition of the growing understanding of the multisensory nature of the human mind that has emerged from the field of cognitive neuroscience research. This review therefore provides a summary of the role of the human senses in architectural design practice, both when considered individually and, more importantly, when studied collectively. For it is only by recognizing the fundamentally multisensory nature of perception that one can really hope to explain a number of surprising crossmodal environmental or atmospheric interactions, such as between lighting colour and thermal comfort and between sound and the perceived safety of public space. At the same time, however, the contemporary focus on synaesthetic design needs to be reframed in terms of the crossmodal correspondences and multisensory integration, at least if the most is to be made of multisensory interactions and synergies that have been uncovered in recent years. Looking to the future, the hope is that architectural design practice will increasingly incorporate our growing understanding of the human senses, and how they influence one another. Such a multisensory approach will hopefully lead to the development of buildings and urban spaces that do a better job of promoting our social, cognitive, and emotional development, rather than hindering it, as has too often been the case previously.
传统上，建筑实践一直由眼睛/视觉主导。然而，近几十年来，建筑师和设计师越来越开始考虑其他感官，即声音、触觉（包括本体感觉、运动感觉和前庭感觉）、嗅觉，在极少数情况下，甚至味觉。尽管如此，人们对认知神经科学研究领域中日益认识到人类思维的多感官性质的认识还很少。因此，本文综述了人类感官在建筑设计实践中的作用，包括单独考虑时和更重要的综合考虑时的作用。因为只有认识到感知的基本多感官性质，才能真正希望解释许多令人惊讶的跨模态环境或大气相互作用，例如照明颜色和热舒适度之间以及声音和公共空间感知安全性之间的相互作用。然而，与此同时，当代对联觉设计的关注需要从跨模态对应和多感官整合的角度重新构建，至少如果要充分利用近年来发现的多感官相互作用和协同作用的话。展望未来，希望建筑设计实践将越来越多地纳入我们对人类感官的不断增长的认识，以及它们如何相互影响。这种多感官方法有望导致建筑物和城市空间的发展，从而更好地促进我们的社会、认知和情感发展，而不是像以前那样经常阻碍发展。
