Stueve Ann, O'Donnell Lydia
Health and Human Development, Education Development Center, 96 Morton Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10014, USA.
J Urban Health. 2008 May;85(3):386-401. doi: 10.1007/s11524-008-9265-z. Epub 2008 Mar 18.
This paper examines the interrelationships between urban young adult women's experiences of discrimination and community violence and their reports of involvement in intimate partner violence (IPV). We explore whether such experiences are independent risk factors for IPV victimization and perpetration, even when accounting for aggressive behaviors and related risk taking, including drinking and sexual initiation, during early adolescence. We use data from the Reach for Health study, in which a sample of 550 urban African American and Latina women was followed from recruitment in economically distressed middle schools into young adulthood, over approximately 7 years. At the last wave, respondents were 19-20 years old; 28% were raising children. More than 40% reported experiencing at least one form of racial/ethnic discrimination sometimes or often over the past year. About 75% heard guns being shot, saw someone being arrested, or witnessed drug deals within this time period; 66% had seen someone beaten up, 26% had seen someone get killed, and 40% knew someone who was killed. Concurrent reports of lifetime IPV were also high: about a third reported being a victim of physical violence; a similar proportion reported perpetration. Results of multivariate regression analyses indicate that discrimination is significantly associated with physical and emotional IPV victimization and perpetration, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, including ethnic identity formation, and early adolescent risk behaviors. Community violence is correlated with victimization, but the relationship remains significant only for emotional IPV victimization once early behaviors are controlled. Implications for violence prevention are discussed, including the importance of addressing community health, as well as individual patterns of behavior, associated with multiple forms of violence victimization and perpetration.
本文探讨了城市青年成年女性的歧视经历和社区暴力与她们参与亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的报告之间的相互关系。我们探究这些经历是否是IPV受害和施暴的独立风险因素，即使在考虑了青春期早期的攻击性行为及相关冒险行为（包括饮酒和性初体验）之后。我们使用了“健康拓展研究”的数据，该研究从经济困难的中学招募了550名城市非裔美国人和拉丁裔女性作为样本，并对她们进行了约7年的跟踪，直至她们成年早期。在最后一波调查中，受访者年龄为19 - 20岁；28%的人正在抚养孩子。超过40%的人报告在过去一年中有时或经常经历至少一种形式的种族/族裔歧视。在此期间，约75%的人听到过枪声、看到有人被捕或目睹过毒品交易；66%的人见过有人被殴打，26%的人见过有人被杀，40%的人认识被杀的人。终身IPV的同期报告率也很高：约三分之一的人报告曾是身体暴力的受害者；类似比例的人报告实施过暴力行为。多元回归分析结果表明，在控制了社会人口特征（包括种族身份形成）和青春期早期风险行为后，歧视与身体和情感IPV受害及施暴显著相关。社区暴力与受害相关，但在控制早期行为后，这种关系仅在情感IPV受害方面仍然显著。本文讨论了对预防暴力的启示，包括解决与多种形式的暴力受害和施暴相关的社区健康以及个人行为模式的重要性。
