Sioen I, De Henauw S, Van Camp J
Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, UZ-2 Blok A, De Pintelaan 185, Be Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent .
Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 2007;69(5-6):249-89.
Dietary intake of long chain omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) in developed countries is low compared to recommendations. Seafood is naturally rich in LC n-3 PUFAs, vitamin D, and iodine, but is also a dietary source of heavy metals and organic pollutants. This study investigated the current intake of selected nutrients and contaminants via seafood and studied whether the recommendation for LC n-3 PUFAs could be reached through seafood consumption, without exceeding tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) of methyl mercury (MeHg) and dioxin-like compounds. Also the contribution of LC n-3 enriched margarines was assessed. On the basis of the current seafood consumption data, the simulation results predicted that the population currently does not reach an adequate intake for the three nutrients considered, at least when only seafood consumption is accounted for. This is mainly due to low frequency of seafood consumption. Regarding the contaminants, MeHg contamination in seafood assumed to be available on the Belgian market is not a major issue. In contrast, exceeding the TDI was noticed for the intake of dioxin-like compounds and this for heavy seafood consumers. Combination of regular seafood consumption (twice a week), with important contribution of fatty fish species (at least 50%), with regular consumption of EPA plus DHA enriched margarine can be advised to maximize LC n-3 PUFA intake without exceeding the TDI for dioxin-like compounds. It is important to add that no other dietary sources of dioxin-like compounds were taken into account in this assessment.
与建议摄入量相比，发达国家居民膳食中长链omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LC n-3 PUFAs）的摄入量较低。海鲜天然富含LC n-3 PUFAs、维生素D和碘，但也是重金属和有机污染物的膳食来源。本研究调查了通过食用海鲜摄入特定营养素和污染物的现状，并研究了通过食用海鲜能否达到LC n-3 PUFAs的建议摄入量，同时不超过甲基汞（MeHg）和二噁英类化合物的每日可耐受摄入量（TDIs）。此外，还评估了富含LC n-3的人造黄油的贡献。根据当前海鲜消费数据，模拟结果预测，至少仅考虑海鲜消费时，目前人群对所考虑的三种营养素的摄入量未达到充足水平。这主要是由于海鲜消费频率较低。关于污染物，比利时市场上可获得的海鲜中的MeHg污染不是主要问题。相比之下，对于大量食用海鲜的人群，二噁英类化合物的摄入量超过了TDI。建议将定期食用海鲜（每周两次）、以富含脂肪的鱼类品种为主（至少占50%）以及定期食用富含EPA和DHA的人造黄油相结合，以在不超过二噁英类化合物TDI的情况下最大限度地摄入LC n-3 PUFAs。需要补充的是，本评估未考虑二噁英类化合物的其他膳食来源。
