Usydus Zygmunt, Szlinder-Richert Joanna, Polak-Juszczak Lucyna, Komar Katarzyna, Adamczyk Maria, Malesa-Ciecwierz Małgorzata, Ruczynska Wiesława
Sea Fisheries Institute in Gdynia, Department of Food and Environment Chemistry, 1 Kollataja Str., Gdynia PL 81-332, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2009 Mar;74(11):1420-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.023. Epub 2009 Jan 14.
Chemical analyses were performed on one hundred and twenty of the most popular varieties of fish products (smoked fish, salted fish, and marinated fish) of the fish market in Poland. The contents of the nutritive substances of fish products (protein, micro- and macronutrients, vitamins A(1), D(3), E, and fatty acids) and the chosen contaminant (toxic metals--mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic; dioxin/furans--PCDDFs; dioxin-like PCB--dl-PCBs; seven congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers--PBDEs; organochlorine pesticides--SigmaDDT, HCB, SigmaHCH and marker polychlorinated biphenyls--PCB(7)) levels were determined. It was confirmed that fish products are a good source of digestible proteins, iodine, selenium, and vitamin D(3). The fundamental nutritive benefit of processed fish lies in its highly beneficial fatty acid composition, which is what imparts them healthy nutritive qualities. The high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), which is not noted in other food products, is particularly important. The majority of contaminants studied were present in low levels. The possible threats, particularly in the case of pregnant/nursing women and young children, can pose the levels of dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like (dl-PCBs) in smoked Baltic salmon and smoked sprat, elevated in a relation to particular requirements concerning the content of sum of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in fish (8pg WHO-TEQg(-1)). The health benefits and risks stemming from consumption of fish products were determined according to the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for chosen contaminants (Cd, Hg, As, PCDD/Fs+dl-PCB) and the quantity of ingredients that render a fish diet healthy based on data from the EFSA Journal [EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2005. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the European Parliament related to the safety assessment of wild and farmed fish. EFSA J. 236, 1-118]. In regard of high content of LC-PUFAa and other nutritive ingredients, fish products available in Polish market may be considered as healthy food. However, many authors point at contaminants (methylmercury, PCDD/Fs) occurring in fish and fish products as on potential health problem, and emphasize that the amount of that hazardous substances should be limited in human diet.
对波兰鱼市上120种最受欢迎的鱼类产品（熏鱼、咸鱼和腌鱼）进行了化学分析。测定了鱼类产品中营养物质（蛋白质、微量和常量营养素、维生素A(1)、D(3)、E和脂肪酸）的含量以及选定污染物（有毒金属——汞、镉、铅、砷；二噁英/呋喃——多氯二苯并对二噁英和多氯二苯并呋喃；类二噁英多氯联苯——dl-PCBs；七种多溴二苯醚同系物——PBDEs；有机氯农药——总滴滴涕、六氯苯、总六氯环己烷和标记多氯联苯——PCB(7)）的水平。已证实鱼类产品是易消化蛋白质、碘、硒和维生素D(3)的良好来源。加工鱼类的基本营养益处在于其极为有益的脂肪酸组成，正是这一点赋予了它们健康的营养品质。长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFAs）含量高，这在其他食品中并不常见，尤为重要。所研究大多数污染物的含量较低。可能存在的威胁，特别是对孕妇/哺乳期妇女和幼儿而言，熏制波罗的海鲑鱼和熏制黍鲱中存在的二噁英/呋喃（PCDD/Fs）和类二噁英（dl-PCBs）水平，相对于鱼类中PCDD/Fs和dl-PCBs总量的特定要求（8皮克WHO-TEQg(-1)）有所升高。根据选定污染物（镉、汞、砷、PCDD/Fs+dl-PCB）的暂定每周耐受摄入量（PTWI）以及基于欧洲食品安全局杂志数据（欧洲食品安全局，2005年。食物链污染物科学小组应欧洲议会关于野生和养殖鱼类安全评估的请求发表的意见。欧洲食品安全局杂志236，1-118），确定了食用鱼类产品带来的健康益处和风险。鉴于波兰市场上的鱼类产品中LC-PUFAa和其他营养成分含量高，可将其视为健康食品。然而，许多作者指出鱼类和鱼类产品中存在的污染物（甲基汞、PCDD/Fs）是潜在的健康问题，并强调人类饮食中应限制这些有害物质的含量。
