Nicas Mark, Best Daniel
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2008 Jun;5(6):347-52. doi: 10.1080/15459620802003896.
A substantial portion of human respiratory tract infection is thought to be transmitted via contaminated hand contact with the mouth, eyes, and/or nostrils. Thus, a key risk factor for infection transmission should be the rate of hand contact with these areas termed target facial membranes. A study was conducted in which 10 subjects were each videotaped for 3 hr while performing office-type work in isolation from other persons. The number of contacts to the eyes, nostrils, and lips was scored during subsequent viewing of the tapes. The total contacts per subject had sample mean x = 47 and sample standard deviation s = 34. The average total contact rate per hour was 15.7. The authors developed a relatively simple algebraic model for estimating the dose of pathogens transferred to target facial membranes during a defined exposure period. The model considers the rate of pathogen transfer to the hands via contact with contaminated environmental surfaces, and the rate of pathogen loss from the hands due to pathogen die-off and transfer from the hands to environmental surfaces and to target facial membranes during touching. The estimation of infection risk due to this dose also is discussed. A hypothetical but plausible example involving influenza A virus transmission is presented to illustrate the model.
相当一部分人类呼吸道感染被认为是通过受污染的手接触口腔、眼睛和/或鼻孔传播的。因此，感染传播的一个关键风险因素应该是手接触这些被称为目标面部黏膜区域的频率。进行了一项研究，10名受试者在与其他人隔离的情况下进行办公室类型的工作时，每人被录像3小时。在随后观看录像带时，对眼睛、鼻孔和嘴唇的接触次数进行了计分。每个受试者的总接触次数样本均值(x = 47)，样本标准差(s = 34)。每小时的平均总接触频率为15.7。作者开发了一个相对简单的代数模型，用于估计在规定的暴露期内转移到目标面部黏膜的病原体剂量。该模型考虑了通过接触受污染的环境表面病原体转移到手的速率，以及由于病原体死亡、从手转移到环境表面以及在触摸过程中从手转移到目标面部黏膜而导致的病原体从手中损失的速率。还讨论了由于该剂量导致的感染风险估计。给出了一个涉及甲型流感病毒传播的假设但合理的例子来说明该模型。
