Yang Xiao-e, Wu Xiang, Hao Hu-lin, He Zhen-li
MOE Key Laboratory of Polluted Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2008 Mar;9(3):197-209. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B0710626.
Water eutrophication has become a worldwide environmental problem in recent years, and understanding the mechanisms of water eutrophication will help for prevention and remediation of water eutrophication. In this paper, recent advances in current status and major mechanisms of water eutrophication, assessment and evaluation criteria, and the influencing factors were reviewed. Water eutrophication in lakes, reservoirs, estuaries and rivers is widespread all over the world and the severity is increasing, especially in the developing countries like China. The assessment of water eutrophication has been advanced from simple individual parameters like total phosphorus, total nitrogen, etc., to comprehensive indexes like total nutrient status index. The major influencing factors on water eutrophication include nutrient enrichment, hydrodynamics, environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, carbon dioxide, element balance, etc., and microbial and biodiversity. The occurrence of water eutrophication is actually a complex function of all the possible influencing factors. The mechanisms of algal blooming are not fully understood and need to be further investigated.
近年来，水体富营养化已成为一个全球性的环境问题，了解水体富营养化的机制将有助于预防和治理水体富营养化。本文综述了水体富营养化的现状、主要机制、评价标准及影响因素等方面的最新进展。湖泊、水库、河口和河流的水体富营养化在全球范围内广泛存在且程度不断加剧，尤其是在中国等发展中国家。水体富营养化的评价已从总磷、总氮等简单的单项参数，发展到综合营养状态指数等综合指标。水体富营养化的主要影响因素包括营养物质富集、水动力条件、温度、盐度、二氧化碳、元素平衡等环境因素以及微生物和生物多样性。水体富营养化的发生实际上是所有可能影响因素的复杂函数。藻类水华的机制尚未完全明了，需要进一步研究。
