Castro-Jiménez J, Mariani G, Eisenreich S J, Christoph E H, Hanke G, Canuti E, Skejo H, Umlauf G
European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via Enrico Fermi 1, Ispra 21020 (VA), Italy.
Chemosphere. 2008 Aug;73(1 Suppl):S122-30. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.097. Epub 2008 Apr 28.
The delivery and accumulation of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) as recorded in sediments from the Lake Maggiore (LM) in Northern Italy and the influence of the atmosphere in contaminating this subalpine ecosystem were studied. PCDD/Fs (17 congeners) and DL-PCBs (12 congeners) concentrations, congener profiles and fluxes in air, bulk deposition, aquatic settling material and surface sediments are presented. Our strategy was to obtain surface sediment from areas near riverine inputs and in the depositional basins, settling material in sediment traps at one site and air, aerosol and bulk deposition profiles. PCDD/F concentrations in air of 25 WHO-TEQ fg m(-3) and DL-PCBs of 7 WHO-TEQ fg m(-3) were measured. Bulk atmospheric deposition yielded 140 and 28 WHO-TEQ pg m(-2) per week for dioxins/furans and DL-PCBs, respectively. Aquatic settling material exhibited concentrations of 11 WHO-TEQ pg g(-1) for PCDD/Fs and 2 WHO-TEQ pg g(-1) for DL-PCBs. Weekly settling material fluxes of 50 WHO-TEQ pg m(-2) and 10 WHO-TEQ pg m(-2) were obtained for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs, respectively. PCDD/Fs concentrations in surface sediments varied from 0.1 to 17 WHO-TEQ pg g(-1) whereas values ranged from 0.03 to 6 WHO-TEQ pg g(-1) for DL-PCBs. The concentrations obtained in the environmental compartments studied suggest a situation of low level contamination. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs congener profiles in atmospheric air, bulk deposition, aquatic settling matter and surface sediment point to an important if not dominant contribution from atmospheric deposition to Lake Maggiore, especially derived from wet deposition of aerosol-bound PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. Flux estimates support this hypothesis.
研究了意大利北部马焦雷湖（LM）沉积物中多氯二苯并对二恶英/多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）和类二恶英多氯联苯（DL-PCBs）的输送与积累情况，以及大气对该亚高山生态系统污染的影响。文中给出了PCDD/Fs（17种同系物）和DL-PCBs（12种同系物）在空气、大气沉降物、水体沉降物质及表层沉积物中的浓度、同系物分布特征和通量。我们的策略是从河流入湖口附近区域和沉积盆地获取表层沉积物，在一个站点的沉积物捕集器中获取沉降物质，并获取空气、气溶胶和大气沉降物的分布特征。测得空气中PCDD/Fs的浓度为25 WHO-TEQ fg m(-3)，DL-PCBs的浓度为7 WHO-TEQ fg m(-3)。大气总沉降量中二恶英/呋喃和DL-PCBs分别为每周140和28 WHO-TEQ pg m(-2)。水体沉降物质中PCDD/Fs的浓度为11 WHO-TEQ pg g(-1)，DL-PCBs的浓度为2 WHO-TEQ pg g(-1)。PCDD/Fs和DL-PCBs的每周水体沉降物质通量分别为50 WHO-TEQ pg m(-2)和10 WHO-TEQ pg m(-2)。表层沉积物中PCDD/Fs的浓度在0.1至17 WHO-TEQ pg g(-1)之间，而DL-PCBs的值在0.03至6 WHO-TEQ pg g(-1)之间。在所研究的环境介质中获得的浓度表明污染水平较低。大气空气、大气沉降物、水体沉降物质和表层沉积物中的PCDD/Fs和DL-PCBs同系物分布特征表明，大气沉降对马焦雷湖有重要贡献，即便不是主要贡献，尤其是来自与气溶胶结合的PCDD/Fs和DL-PCBs的湿沉降。通量估算支持这一假设。
