吸烟者对过去和未来奖励的折扣是对称的，且比非吸烟者更甚：折扣是冲动性的一种度量方式吗？
Cigarette smokers discount past and future rewards symmetrically and more than controls: is discounting a measure of impulsivity?
作者信息
Bickel Warren K, Yi Richard, Kowal Benjamin P, Gatchalian Kirstin M
机构信息
Center for Addiction Research, Fred and Louise Dierks Research Laboratories, Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 843, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
出版信息
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Aug 1;96(3):256-62. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.009. Epub 2008 May 12.
A considerable body of evidence indicates that consideration of the future and past are related. Future discounting studies indicate that cigarette smokers discount future outcomes more than non-smokers. The purpose of the present study was to determine if a similar profile of results could be obtained with a novel procedure evaluating the discounting of past outcomes, providing further support for future/past symmetry. Thirty cigarette smokers and 29 non-smokers participated in a computerized assessment of discounting of hypothetical future and past outcomes. Symmetry was supported, with a similar profile of results in future and past discounting procedures. These included: hyperbolic discounting, greater discounting of small-magnitude outcomes than large-magnitude outcomes, and greater discounting by cigarette smokers relative to non-smokers.
大量证据表明，对未来和过去的思考是相关的。未来折扣研究表明，吸烟者比不吸烟者更倾向于低估未来结果。本研究的目的是确定，通过一种评估过去结果折扣的新程序，是否能获得类似的结果模式，从而为未来/过去的对称性提供进一步支持。30名吸烟者和29名不吸烟者参与了一项关于假设未来和过去结果折扣的计算机化评估。研究结果支持了对称性，未来和过去折扣程序的结果模式相似。这些结果包括：双曲线折扣、对小幅度结果的折扣大于大幅度结果，以及吸烟者相对于不吸烟者的折扣更大。
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