种族和社会经济地位对睡眠的影响：匹兹堡睡眠评分项目
Influence of race and socioeconomic status on sleep: Pittsburgh SleepSCORE project.
作者信息
Mezick Elizabeth J, Matthews Karen A, Hall Martica, Strollo Patrick J, Buysse Daniel J, Kamarck Thomas W, Owens Jane F, Reis Steven E
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
出版信息
Psychosom Med. 2008 May;70(4):410-6. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31816fdf21.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the independent and interactive effects of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on objective indices and self-reports of sleep.
METHODS
The sleep of 187 adults (41% black; mean age = 59.5 +/- 7.2 years) was examined. Nine nights of actigraphy and two nights of inhome polysomnography (PSG) were used to assess average sleep duration, continuity, and architecture; self-report was used to assess sleep quality. Psychosocial factors, health behaviors, and environmental factors were also measured.
RESULTS
Blacks had shorter sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency, as measured by actigraphy and PSG, and they spent less time proportionately in Stage 3-4 sleep, compared with others (p < .01). Lower SES was associated with longer actigraphy-measured latency, more wake after sleep onset as measured by PSG, and poorer sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (p < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Blacks and perhaps individuals in lower SES groups may be at risk for sleep disturbances and associated health consequences.
目的
研究种族和社会经济地位（SES）对睡眠客观指标及自我报告的独立影响和交互作用。
方法
对187名成年人（41%为黑人；平均年龄=59.5±7.2岁）的睡眠情况进行了检查。采用9晚的活动记录仪监测和2晚的家庭多导睡眠图（PSG）来评估平均睡眠时间、睡眠连续性和睡眠结构；通过自我报告来评估睡眠质量。同时还测量了心理社会因素、健康行为和环境因素。
结果
通过活动记录仪和PSG测量发现，黑人的睡眠时间较短，睡眠效率较低，且与其他人相比，他们在3-4期睡眠中所占比例更少（p<.01）。较低的SES与活动记录仪测量的入睡潜伏期较长、PSG测量的睡眠开始后觉醒较多以及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数的睡眠质量较差有关（p<.05）。
结论
黑人以及可能处于较低SES群体中的个体可能面临睡眠障碍及相关健康后果的风险。
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