Alriksson Stina, Oberg Tomas
University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2008 May;15(3):244-57. doi: 10.1065/espr2008.02.479.
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: Conjoint analysis and the related choice-modelling methods have been used for many years in marketing research to evaluate consumer behaviour and preferences for different kinds of product attributes. Recently, the number of applications in environmental science and management has started to grow. Conjoint analysis is found in many different forms, and the environmental studies evaluated in this review display the same range of methods as in other fields. The key characteristic of all these methods is that trade-offs are evaluated by jointly considering a number of important attributes.
This paper is a review of the literature on environmental applications of conjoint analysis and assesses in which environmental area conjoint analysis has been most successful. The method and the design of the studies are reviewed as well.
A total of 84 studies were found, dealing with environmental issues that were evaluated by conjoint analysis. The studies concern agriculture, ecosystem management, energy, environmental evaluation, forestry, land management, pollution, products, recreation, environmental risk analysis and waste management.
Choice experiments seem to have a comparatively stronger position in environmental studies than elsewhere. Most of the environmental applications are related to natural resource management. This is somewhat surprising, but a number of reports have appeared also on product evaluation, which could be a key application area in the future.
Compared to marketing and transportation, the number of environmental conjoint studies is rather small but increasing, and the method has proven to work effectively in eliciting preferences on environmental issues. In environmental issues, experimenters often use choice experiments, especially concerning ecosystem management and environmental evaluations. When it comes to evaluating preferences concerning agriculture, forestry, energy and products, a more traditional approach of conjoint analysis is favoured.
Two new areas of application are identified in this review--environmental communication and expert elicitation. Conjoint analysis can thus be developed into a useful instrument for environmental risk analysis and communication, both of which are necessary for an efficient approach to risk governance.
背景、目的与范围：联合分析及相关的选择建模方法在市场研究中已应用多年，用于评估消费者对不同产品属性的行为和偏好。最近，其在环境科学与管理领域的应用数量开始增加。联合分析有多种不同形式，本综述中评估的环境研究展现出与其他领域相同的方法范围。所有这些方法的关键特征在于，通过共同考虑多个重要属性来评估权衡取舍。
本文是对联合分析在环境应用方面的文献综述，并评估联合分析在哪些环境领域最为成功。同时也对研究方法和设计进行了综述。
共找到84项研究，涉及通过联合分析评估的环境问题。这些研究涵盖农业、生态系统管理、能源、环境评估、林业、土地管理、污染、产品、娱乐、环境风险分析及废物管理。
选择实验在环境研究中似乎比在其他领域具有相对更强的地位。大多数环境应用与自然资源管理相关。这有点令人惊讶，但也出现了一些关于产品评估的报告，这可能是未来的一个关键应用领域。
与市场营销和交通运输领域相比，环境联合研究的数量较少但在增加，并且该方法已被证明在引出对环境问题的偏好方面有效。在环境问题中，实验者经常使用选择实验，特别是在生态系统管理和环境评估方面。在评估对农业、林业、能源和产品的偏好时，更倾向于采用联合分析的传统方法。
本综述确定了两个新的应用领域——环境沟通和专家意见征集。因此，联合分析可发展成为环境风险分析和沟通的有用工具，这两者对于高效的风险治理方法都是必要的。
