Mittenberg Alexey G, Moiseeva Tatyana N, Barlev Nickolai A
Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Tikhoretsky ave., Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
Front Biosci. 2008 May 1;13:7184-92. doi: 10.2741/3220.
The 26S proteasome is an abundant multi-subunit complex, which, in addition to lysosomes, represents a major cellular "protein degradation factory". The proteasome complex possesses protease, ATPase/helicase, and RNAse enzymatic activities, which are used by the latter to regulate various physiological processes. Recent findings have revealed an important role of proteasomes in transcriptional regulation. Although proteasomes are well documented to undergo various post-translational modifications, little is known about their functional significance, in particular in the process of gene regulation in response to various forms of stress. Here, we review the data on the role of proteasomes in gene regulation and their post-translational modifications as well as discuss potential mechanisms by which proteasomal activity may be regulated by genotoxic stress.
26S蛋白酶体是一种丰富的多亚基复合物，除溶酶体外，它是细胞主要的“蛋白质降解工厂”。蛋白酶体复合物具有蛋白酶、ATP酶/解旋酶和RNA酶的酶活性，后者利用这些活性来调节各种生理过程。最近的研究发现揭示了蛋白酶体在转录调控中的重要作用。尽管蛋白酶体经历各种翻译后修饰已有充分记载，但对其功能意义知之甚少，尤其是在应对各种形式应激的基因调控过程中。在此，我们综述了关于蛋白酶体在基因调控中的作用及其翻译后修饰的数据，并讨论了基因毒性应激可能调节蛋白酶体活性的潜在机制。
