Liu Xianchen, Zhao Zhongtang, Jia Cunxian, Buysse Daniel J
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Webster Hall-134, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Pediatrics. 2008 Jun;121(6):1165-73. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1464.
Little is known about sleep patterns and problems in Chinese adolescents. This study was designed to examine sleep/wake patterns and problems and their associations with parent sleep among adolescents in China.
This report represents part of an epidemiological study of sleep and health in 6 high schools in Jinan city, China. A total of 1056 adolescents and 838 parents completed a questionnaire in March or April 2005. Participants consisted of 625 boys and 441 girls, 557 seventh-graders (mean age: 13.5 +/- 0.6 years) and 509 tenth-graders (mean age: 16.4 +/- 0.7 years), and 603 mothers and 235 fathers. Adolescents and parents reported their own sleep/wake patterns and problems.
Average morning rising time (5:56 am vs 8:13 am) and sleep duration (7.5 hours vs 9.4 hours) differed significantly between weekdays and weekends. Compared with seventh-graders, 10th-graders went to bed later and awoke earlier, resulting in approximately 1 hour of sleep less. Of the adolescents, 18.8% reported their sleep quality as poor, 26.2% were not satisfied with their sleep, 16.1% had insomnia, and 17.9% had daytime sleepiness. Significant but low adolescent-parent correlations were observed for sleep/wake patterns and perceived sleep quality. Difficulty initiating sleep in adolescents was significantly associated with history of insomnia in mothers and fathers.
Sleep insufficiency, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness are prevalent in Chinese adolescents. Sleep insufficiency on weekdays may be attributable to earlier morning rising to meet school schedules. Parental history of insomnia is associated with elevated risk for insomnia symptoms in adolescent offspring, although adolescent-parent correlations in sleep/wake patterns are relatively low.
对于中国青少年的睡眠模式及问题，人们了解甚少。本研究旨在调查中国青少年的睡眠/觉醒模式及问题，以及它们与父母睡眠之间的关联。
本报告是对中国济南市6所高中学生的睡眠与健康进行的一项流行病学研究的一部分。2005年3月或4月，共有1056名青少年和838名家长完成了一份调查问卷。参与者包括625名男生和441名女生，557名七年级学生（平均年龄：13.5±0.6岁）和509名十年级学生（平均年龄：16.4±0.7岁），以及603名母亲和235名父亲。青少年和家长报告了他们自己的睡眠/觉醒模式及问题。
工作日和周末的平均起床时间（上午5:56对上午8:13）和睡眠时间（7.5小时对9.4小时）存在显著差异。与七年级学生相比，十年级学生上床睡觉更晚，醒来更早，睡眠时间减少约1小时。在青少年中，18.8%报告睡眠质量差，26.2%对自己的睡眠不满意，16.1%有失眠症状，17.9%有日间嗜睡。在睡眠/觉醒模式和感知睡眠质量方面，青少年与父母之间存在显著但较低的相关性。青少年入睡困难与父母的失眠史显著相关。
睡眠不足、失眠和日间嗜睡在中国青少年中普遍存在。工作日的睡眠不足可能归因于为了赶上学时间而较早起床。父母的失眠史与青少年后代出现失眠症状的风险升高有关，尽管青少年与父母在睡眠/觉醒模式方面的相关性相对较低。
