Loessl B, Valerius G, Kopasz M, Hornyak M, Riemann D, Voderholzer U
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Child Care Health Dev. 2008 Sep;34(5):549-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00845.x. Epub 2008 Jun 28.
Adolescent sleep receives increasing attention. Several studies have shown that adolescents generally do not sleep enough. This survey assessed adolescents' sleep patterns, and results were compared with sleep logs.
A total of 818 students aged 12-18 attending three different school types were asked to complete a questionnaire, adapted from the 'School Sleep Habits Survey', and filled in a sleep protocol over 2 weeks. Information on sleep patterns and demographic data were obtained additionally.
A total of 601 students completed the questionnaire (i.e. 73.5% return rate), 55.1% female and 44.9% male. Average sleep duration during the week amounted to 8.04+/-0.89 h and 9.51+/-1.65 h on weekends. Sleep duration times on school days decreased from an average 8.64+/-0.83 h for the age category 12-13 years to 7.83+/-0.72 h for students above 16 years. 91.6% of all students slept less than 9.2 h per night during the week. Data from the 153 returned sleep logs showed even lower sleep times (7.75+/-0.82 h for school nights).
The main hypothesis that students sleep on average considerably less than the recommended 9 h during weekdays was confirmed. Bedtimes changed throughout the week with the latest on Friday and Saturday nights and the least sleep around midweek. There were no significant group differences regarding school type and environment (rural vs. urban). Interestingly, the majority reported only little daytime sleepiness and no impaired performance. Results regarding the consequences of chronic sleep deprivation in the literature are inconclusive. The impact on physiological parameters, especially metabolic functions, requires further investigations.
青少年睡眠问题日益受到关注。多项研究表明，青少年普遍睡眠不足。本调查评估了青少年的睡眠模式，并将结果与睡眠记录进行了比较。
共有818名年龄在12至18岁之间、就读于三种不同类型学校的学生被要求填写一份改编自“学校睡眠习惯调查”的问卷，并在两周内填写睡眠记录。此外，还获取了有关睡眠模式和人口统计学数据的信息。
共有601名学生完成了问卷（即回复率为73.5%），其中女生占55.1%，男生占44.9%。工作日的平均睡眠时间为8.04±0.89小时，周末为9.51±1.65小时。上学日的睡眠时间从12至13岁年龄组的平均8.64±0.83小时下降到16岁以上学生的7.83±0.72小时。所有学生中有91.6%在工作日每晚睡眠不足9.2小时。153份返回的睡眠记录数据显示睡眠时间更低（上学日晚上为7.75±0.82小时）。
学生在工作日平均睡眠时间远低于建议的9小时这一主要假设得到了证实。就寝时间在一周内有所变化，周五和周六晚上最晚，周三左右睡眠时间最少。在学校类型和环境（农村与城市）方面没有显著的群体差异。有趣的是，大多数人表示白天只有轻微困倦，且没有表现受损。关于文献中慢性睡眠剥夺后果的结果尚无定论。对生理参数，尤其是代谢功能的影响需要进一步研究。
