Pérez-Escamilla Rafael, Hromi-Fiedler Amber, Vega-López Sonia, Bermúdez-Millán Angela, Segura-Pérez Sofia
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA. rafael.perez-escamilla@uconn
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2008 Jul-Aug;40(4):208-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2008.03.011.
This systematic review assesses the impact of peer education/counseling on nutrition and health outcomes among Latinos and identifies future research needs.
A systematic literature search was conducted by: (1) searching Internet databases; (2) conducting backward searches from reference lists of articles of interest; (3) manually reviewing the archives of the Center for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos; (4) searching the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior; and (5) directly contacting researchers in the field. The authors reviewed 22 articles derived from experimental or quasi-experimental studies.
Type 2 diabetes behavioral and metabolic outcomes, breastfeeding, nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviors.
Peer nutrition education has a positive influence on diabetes self-management and breastfeeding outcomes, as well as on general nutrition knowledge and dietary intake behaviors among Latinos.
There is a need for longitudinal randomized trials testing the impact of peer nutrition education interventions grounded on goal setting and culturally appropriate behavioral change theories. Inclusion of reliable scales and the construct of acculturation are needed to further advance knowledge in this promising field. Operational research is also needed to identify the optimal peer educator characteristics, the type of training that they should receive, the client loads and dosage (ie, frequency and amount of contact needed between peer educator and client), and the best educational approaches and delivery settings.
本系统评价评估同伴教育/咨询对拉丁裔人群营养和健康结局的影响，并确定未来的研究需求。
通过以下方式进行系统文献检索：(1)搜索互联网数据库；(2)从感兴趣文章的参考文献列表进行回溯检索；(3)人工查阅拉丁裔人群健康差异消除中心的档案；(4)搜索《营养教育与行为杂志》；(5)直接联系该领域的研究人员。作者回顾了22篇来自实验性或准实验性研究的文章。
2型糖尿病行为和代谢结局、母乳喂养、营养知识、态度和行为。
同伴营养教育对拉丁裔人群的糖尿病自我管理、母乳喂养结局以及一般营养知识和饮食摄入行为有积极影响。
需要进行纵向随机试验，以检验基于目标设定和文化适宜行为改变理论的同伴营养教育干预措施的影响。需要纳入可靠的量表和文化适应的概念，以进一步推动这一有前景领域的知识发展。还需要进行运筹学研究，以确定最佳的同伴教育者特征、他们应接受的培训类型、服务对象数量和剂量（即同伴教育者与服务对象之间所需的接触频率和数量），以及最佳的教育方法和实施环境。
