Beck Anne Marie, Damkjaer Karin, Beyer Nina
Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Soeborg, Denmark.
Nutrition. 2008 Nov-Dec;24(11-12):1073-80. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.05.007. Epub 2008 Jun 30.
We tested the hypothesis that a multifaceted 11-wk intervention comprising nutrition, group exercise, and oral care would have a significant influence on nutrition and function in elderly (>or=65 y) nursing-home residents.
The study was an 11-wk randomized controlled intervention study with nutrition (chocolate and homemade oral supplements), group exercise twice a week (45-60 min, moderate intensity), and oral care intervention one to two times a week, with the aim of improving nutritional status and function in elderly nursing-home residents. A follow-up visit was made 4 mo after the end of the intervention. Assessments were weight, body mass index, dietary intake, handgrip strength, Senior Fitness Test, Berg's Balance Scale, and the prevalence of plaque.
A total of 121 subjects (61%) accepted the invitation and 62 were randomized to the intervention group. Six of these dropped out during the 11 wk. At the 4-mo follow-up there were 15 deaths in the intervention group and 8 in the control group. The nutrition and exercise were well tolerated. After 11 wk the change in percentage of weight (P = 0.005), percentage of body mass index (P = 0.003), energy intake (P = 0.084), protein intake (P = 0.012), and Berg's Balance Scale (P = 0.004) was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. In addition, the percentage of subjects whose functional tests improved was higher in the intervention group. Both groups lost the same percentage of weight after the intervention (P = 0.908). The total percentage of weight loss from baseline to follow-up was higher in the control group (P = 0.019). Oral care was not well accepted and the prevalence of plaque did not change.
It is possible to improve nutrition and function in elderly nursing-home residents by means of a multifaceted intervention consisting of chocolate, homemade supplements, group exercise, and oral care.
我们检验了这样一个假设，即一项为期11周的多方面干预措施，包括营养、团体运动和口腔护理，会对老年（≥65岁）养老院居民的营养状况和功能产生重大影响。
该研究是一项为期11周的随机对照干预研究，包括营养干预（巧克力和自制口服补充剂）、每周两次团体运动（45 - 60分钟，中等强度）以及每周一至两次口腔护理干预，目的是改善老年养老院居民的营养状况和功能。干预结束后4个月进行随访。评估指标包括体重、体重指数、饮食摄入量、握力、老年人健身测试、伯格平衡量表以及牙菌斑患病率。
共有121名受试者（61%）接受邀请，其中62人被随机分配到干预组。这62人中有6人在11周内退出。在4个月的随访中，干预组有15人死亡，对照组有8人死亡。营养和运动干预耐受性良好。11周后，干预组体重百分比变化（P = 0.005）、体重指数百分比变化（P = 0.003）、能量摄入量（P = 0.084）、蛋白质摄入量（P = 0.012）以及伯格平衡量表得分（P = 0.004）均高于对照组。此外，干预组功能测试改善的受试者百分比更高。干预后两组体重减轻的百分比相同（P = 0.908）。从基线到随访，对照组体重减轻的总百分比更高（P = 0.019）。口腔护理的接受度不高，牙菌斑患病率没有变化。
通过由巧克力、自制补充剂、团体运动和口腔护理组成的多方面干预措施，可以改善老年养老院居民的营养状况和功能。
