Dujardin Jean-Claude, Campino Lenea, Cañavate Carmen, Dedet Jean-Pierre, Gradoni Luigi, Soteriadou Ketty, Mazeris Apostolos, Ozbel Yusuf, Boelaert Marleen
Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, Antwerp, Belgium.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Jul;14(7):1013-8. doi: 10.3201/eid1407.071589.
The risk for reintroduction of some exotic vector-borne diseases in Europe has become a hot topic, while the reality of others is neglected at the public health policy level. Leishmaniasis is endemic in all southern countries of Europe, with approximately 700 autochthonous human cases reported each year (3,950 if Turkey is included). Asymptomatic cases have been estimated at 30-100/1 symptomatic case, and leishmaniasis has up to 25% seroprevalence in domestic dogs. Even though leishmaniasis is essentially associated with Leishmania infantum and visceral leishmaniasis, new species, such as L. donovani and L. tropica, might colonize European sand fly vectors. Drug-resistant L. infantum strains might be exported outside Europe through dogs. Despite this possibility, no coordinated surveillance of the disease exists at the European level. In this review of leishmaniasis importance in Europe, we would like to bridge the gap between research and surveillance and control.
在欧洲，重新引入一些外来媒介传播疾病的风险已成为一个热门话题，而在公共卫生政策层面，其他一些疾病的实际情况却被忽视了。利什曼病在欧洲所有南部国家均为地方病，每年报告约700例本地人间病例（若包括土耳其则为3950例）。无症状病例估计为每1例有症状病例对应30 - 100例，利什曼病在家犬中的血清阳性率高达25%。尽管利什曼病主要与婴儿利什曼原虫及内脏利什曼病相关，但新物种，如杜氏利什曼原虫和热带利什曼原虫，可能会在欧洲白蛉媒介中定殖。耐药的婴儿利什曼原虫菌株可能会通过犬只输出到欧洲以外地区。尽管存在这种可能性，但在欧洲层面不存在对该疾病的协调监测。在本次对利什曼病在欧洲重要性的综述中，我们希望弥合研究与监测及控制之间的差距。
