Bijveld Mieka M C, Bronstein Adolfo M, Golding John F, Gresty Michael A
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2008 Jul;79(7):661-5. doi: 10.3357/asem.2241.2008.
Off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) provokes motion sickness. The visual motion equivalent to OVAR in simulators is also nauseogenic. Our experiment compared the nauseogenicity of OVAR vs. visual motion.
There were 12 subjects who undertook the following conditions: A) OVAR in darkness at 0.2 Hz, 18 degrees tilt; B) same OVAR with eyes open in the light; and C) stationary, seated upright, watching a video of the visual motion experienced in B. The conditions were counterbalanced and performed at the same time of day with a minimum 5-d separation between conditions. Stimulation was stopped at moderate nausea with a 20-min maximum cut-off. Motion sickness susceptibility was rated on a standardized questionnaire (MSSQ).
Time (mean +/- SD minutes) to moderate nausea was significantly shorter for real OVAR conditions (A: 7.1 +/- 5.5; B: 7.7 +/- 6.7) vs. video (C: 15.7 +/- 6.4). Subjects with relatively low susceptibilities to motion sickness developed nausea more slowly with vision (B-A time difference correlated with MSSQ scores r = -0.7, P < 0.05). Headache was more prominent with visual field motion (C).
OVAR was twice as nauseogenic as visual motion. Headache during visual motion suggests mechanisms in common with migraine. We hypothesize that subjects who fared better in the light used visual cues to resolve sensory conflict, whereas subjects who were equally susceptible in light and dark made poor use of visual cues; perhaps a form of 'field dependency'. This may explain why some people prefer 'a view of the road ahead' to help against motion sickness whereas others shut their eyes.
非垂直轴旋转（OVAR）会引发晕动病。模拟器中与OVAR等效的视觉运动也会引起恶心。我们的实验比较了OVAR与视觉运动的致恶心性。
12名受试者参与了以下实验条件：A）在黑暗中以0.2Hz、18度倾斜进行OVAR；B）在光照下睁眼进行相同的OVAR；C）静止、直立坐着，观看B中所经历的视觉运动视频。这些条件进行了平衡处理，并在一天中的同一时间进行，各条件之间至少间隔5天。当出现中度恶心时停止刺激，最长刺激时间为20分钟。使用标准化问卷（MSSQ）对晕动病易感性进行评分。
与视频（C：15.7 +/- 6.4）相比，实际OVAR条件（A：7.1 +/- 5.5；B：7.7 +/- 6.7）达到中度恶心的时间（平均 +/- 标准差分钟）明显更短。晕动病易感性相对较低的受试者在有视觉的情况下恶心发展得更慢（B - A时间差与MSSQ评分相关，r = -0.7，P < 0.05）。视野运动时头痛更明显（C）。
OVAR的致恶心性是视觉运动的两倍。视觉运动时的头痛表明其机制与偏头痛有共同之处。我们假设，在光照下表现较好的受试者利用视觉线索来解决感觉冲突，而在光照和黑暗中同样易感性的受试者则没有很好地利用视觉线索；这可能是一种“场依存性”形式。这或许可以解释为什么有些人更喜欢“看向前方道路的视野”来预防晕动病，而另一些人则会闭上眼睛。
