Crum-Cianflone Nancy F
Clinical Investigation Department (KCA), Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134-1005, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008 Aug;10(4):424-31. doi: 10.1007/s11894-008-0079-7.
Nontyphoidal salmonellosis is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, causing about 1.4 million infections annually. Most cases of salmonellosis are due to ingestion of contaminated food items such as eggs, dairy products, and meats, but almost any foodstuff can be implicated, including peanut butter, as seen during a recent outbreak of more than 600 Salmonella infections. Although outbreaks often gain national media attention, the majority of nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in the United States occur sporadically. Risk factors for salmonellosis include gastric hypoacidity, recent use of antibiotics, extremes of age, and immunosuppressive conditions. Clinical manifestations of the infection most commonly involve self-limited gastroenteritis, but bacteremia and endovascular and localized infections may occur. Most cases of gastrointestinal involvement are self-limited, and antibiotic therapy is reserved for persons at risk for complicated disease. Preventive strategies by both industry and consumers are advocated to further reduce the occurrence of nontyphoidal salmonellosis.
非伤寒型沙门氏菌病是美国食源性疾病的主要病因，每年导致约140万例感染。大多数沙门氏菌病病例是由于摄入受污染的食物，如鸡蛋、乳制品和肉类，但几乎任何食品都可能涉及，包括花生酱，就像最近一次超过600例沙门氏菌感染的暴发中所看到的那样。尽管疫情暴发往往会引起全国媒体的关注，但美国大多数非伤寒型沙门氏菌感染是散发性的。沙门氏菌病的危险因素包括胃酸过少、近期使用抗生素、极端年龄以及免疫抑制状态。该感染的临床表现最常见的是自限性肠胃炎，但也可能发生菌血症、血管内感染和局部感染。大多数胃肠道受累病例是自限性的，抗生素治疗仅适用于有复杂疾病风险的人群。提倡行业和消费者双方采取预防策略，以进一步减少非伤寒型沙门氏菌病的发生。
