Tromberg Bruce J, Pogue Brian W, Paulsen Keith D, Yodh Arjun G, Boas David A, Cerussi Albert E
Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA.
Med Phys. 2008 Jun;35(6):2443-51. doi: 10.1118/1.2919078.
Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a noninvasive optical technique that employs near-infrared (NIR) light to quantitatively characterize the optical properties of thick tissues. Although NIR methods were first applied to breast transillumination (also called diaphanography) nearly 80 years ago, quantitative DOI methods employing time- or frequency-domain photon migration technologies have only recently been used for breast imaging (i.e., since the mid-1990s). In this review, the state of the art in DOI for breast cancer is outlined and a multi-institutional Network for Translational Research in Optical Imaging (NTROI) is described, which has been formed by the National Cancer Institute to advance diffuse optical spectroscopy and imaging (DOSI) for the purpose of improving breast cancer detection and clinical management. DOSI employs broadband technology both in near-infrared spectral and temporal signal domains in order to separate absorption from scattering and quantify uptake of multiple molecular probes based on absorption or fluorescence contrast. Additional dimensionality in the data is provided by integrating and co-registering the functional information of DOSI with x-ray mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provide structural information or vascular flow information, respectively. Factors affecting DOSI performance, such as intrinsic and extrinsic contrast mechanisms, quantitation of biochemical components, image formation/visualization, and multimodality co-registration are under investigation in the ongoing research NTROI sites. One of the goals is to develop standardized DOSI platforms that can be used as stand-alone devices or in conjunction with MRI, mammography, or ultrasound. This broad-based, multidisciplinary effort is expected to provide new insight regarding the origins of breast disease and practical approaches for addressing several key challenges in breast cancer, including: Detecting disease in mammographically dense tissue, distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions, and understanding the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapies.
漫射光学成像（DOI）是一种非侵入性光学技术，它利用近红外（NIR）光对厚组织的光学特性进行定量表征。尽管近红外方法近80年前就首次应用于乳房透照术（也称为乳腺造影术），但采用时域或频域光子迁移技术的定量DOI方法直到最近（即自20世纪90年代中期以来）才用于乳房成像。在这篇综述中，概述了用于乳腺癌的DOI的技术现状，并描述了一个多机构的光学成像转化研究网络（NTROI），该网络由美国国立癌症研究所组建，旨在推进漫射光学光谱和成像（DOSI）技术，以改善乳腺癌的检测和临床管理。DOSI在近红外光谱和时间信号域均采用宽带技术，以便从散射中分离吸收，并基于吸收或荧光对比度对多种分子探针的摄取进行定量。通过将DOSI的功能信息与分别提供结构信息或血管流动信息的X线乳房造影和磁共振成像（MRI）进行整合和配准，可提供数据的附加维度。正在进行研究的NTROI各站点正在研究影响DOSI性能的因素，如内在和外在对比机制、生化成分的定量、图像形成/可视化以及多模态配准。目标之一是开发标准化的DOSI平台，该平台既可以作为独立设备使用，也可以与MRI、乳房造影或超声联合使用。这项基础广泛的多学科努力有望为乳腺疾病的起源提供新的见解，并为应对乳腺癌的几个关键挑战提供实用方法，包括：在乳房X线摄影致密组织中检测疾病、区分恶性和良性病变以及了解新辅助化疗的影响。
