Ansari S A, Springthorpe V S, Sattar S A
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Rev Infect Dis. 1991 May-Jun;13(3):448-61. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.3.448.
In developing countries rotavirus infections account for nearly 6% of all diarrheal episodes and for 20% of diarrhea-associated deaths of young children. Even in industrialized countries rotavirus diarrhea in the young is among the leading causes of hospitalization. In temperate regions institutional outbreaks of the disease occur mainly in cold dry weather, whereas in tropical settings the seasonality is less well defined. Waterborne outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis have been recorded; air, hands, fomities, and food may also act as vehicles for this infection. Rotaviruses can survive for weeks in potable and recreational waters and for at least 4 hours on human hands. In air and on nonporous inanimate surfaces, the survival of rotaviruses is favored by a relative humidity of less than or equal to 50% and viral infectivity can be retained for several days. Rotaviruses are relatively resistant to commonly used hard-surface disinfectants and hygienic hand-wash agents.
在发展中国家，轮状病毒感染占所有腹泻病例的近6%，占幼儿腹泻相关死亡病例的20%。即使在工业化国家，幼儿轮状病毒腹泻也是住院的主要原因之一。在温带地区，该病的机构性暴发主要发生在寒冷干燥的天气，而在热带地区，季节性则不太明确。已记录到轮状病毒胃肠炎的水媒暴发；空气、手、污染物和食物也可能成为这种感染的传播媒介。轮状病毒可在饮用水和娱乐水中存活数周，在人手上存活至少4小时。在空气和无孔无生命表面，相对湿度小于或等于50%有利于轮状病毒存活，病毒传染性可保持数天。轮状病毒对常用的硬表面消毒剂和卫生洗手液具有相对抗性。
