Rasooly Avraham, Herold Keith E
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2008 Aug;5(4):531-50. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0119.
Culture-based methods used for microbial detection and identification are simple to use, relatively inexpensive, and sensitive. However, culture-based methods are too time-consuming for high-throughput testing and too tedious for analysis of samples with multiple organisms and provide little clinical information regarding the pathogen (e.g., antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, or strain subtype). DNA-based methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), overcome some these limitations since they are generally faster and can provide more information than culture-based methods. One limitation of traditional PCR-based methods is that they are normally limited to the analysis of a single pathogen, a small group of related pathogens, or a small number of relevant genes. Microarray technology enables a significant expansion of the capability of DNA-based methods in terms of the number of DNA sequences that can be analyzed simultaneously, enabling molecular identification and characterization of multiple pathogens and many genes in a single array assay. Microarray analysis of microbial pathogens has potential uses in research, food safety, medical, agricultural, regulatory, public health, and industrial settings. In this article, we describe the main technical elements of microarray technology and the application and potential use of DNA microarrays for food microbial analysis.
用于微生物检测和鉴定的基于培养的方法使用简单、成本相对较低且灵敏度高。然而，基于培养的方法对于高通量检测来说耗时过长，对于分析含有多种微生物的样本来说过于繁琐，并且关于病原体提供的临床信息很少（例如，抗生素抗性基因、毒力因子或菌株亚型）。基于DNA的方法，如聚合酶链反应（PCR），克服了其中一些局限性，因为它们通常更快，并且比基于培养的方法能提供更多信息。传统基于PCR的方法的一个局限性是它们通常仅限于分析单一病原体、一小群相关病原体或少数相关基因。微阵列技术能够显著扩展基于DNA的方法的能力，使其能够同时分析的DNA序列数量增加，从而在一次阵列检测中实现对多种病原体和许多基因的分子鉴定和表征。对微生物病原体的微阵列分析在研究、食品安全、医学、农业、监管、公共卫生和工业领域都有潜在用途。在本文中，我们描述了微阵列技术的主要技术要素以及DNA微阵列在食品微生物分析中的应用和潜在用途。
