Blank Patricia R, Schwenkglenks Matthias, Szucs Thomas D
Institute of Social- and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
BMC Public Health. 2008 Aug 1;8:272. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-272.
The objectives of the survey were to identify the level of influenza vaccination coverage in five European countries between 2001 and 2007, to understand the drivers and barriers to vaccination, to assess vaccination intentions for the winter 2007/08 as well as major encouraging factors for vaccination.
Between 2001 and 2007, representative household surveys were performed with telephone or mailed (France) interviews of individuals aged 14 and above. The questionnaire used in the UK, Germany, Italy, France and Spain was essentially the same in all seasons. The data were subsequently pooled. Four target groups were defined for the analysis: 1) persons aged 65 years and over; 2) persons working in the medical field; 3) chronically ill persons and 4) combined target group composed of individuals belonging to one or more of the previous groups 1, 2 or 3.
In 2006/07, vaccination coverage was, 25.0% in UK, 27.4% in Germany, 21.8% in Spain, 24.2% in France and 24.4% in Italy. During six influenza seasons (2001-2007), vaccination coverage showed a slight positive trend in the five countries (p < or = 0.0001). In the elderly (> or = 65 years), across all countries, no significant trend was seen; the vaccination rate decreased non-significantly from a peak of 64.2% in season 2005/06 to 61.1% in season 2006/07. The most frequent reason for getting vaccinated was a recommendation by the family doctor or nurse (51%), and this was also perceived as the major encouraging factor for vaccination (61%). The main reason for not getting vaccinated was feeling unlikely to catch the flu (36%).
In the UK, Germany and Spain, influenza vaccination coverage rates in season 2006/07 dropped slightly compared to the previous season. However, a trend of increasing vaccination coverage was observed from 2001/02 to 2006/07 across Europe. The family doctor is the major source of encouragement for individuals getting vaccinated. Efforts to overcome the barriers to vaccination need to be put in place to reach the WHO objective of 75% coverage in the elderly by 2010. This is a major challenge to be faced by governments, healthcare workers and healthcare organisations.
本次调查的目的是确定2001年至2007年间五个欧洲国家的流感疫苗接种覆盖率，了解疫苗接种的驱动因素和障碍，评估2007/08年冬季的疫苗接种意向以及疫苗接种的主要促进因素。
2001年至2007年间，对14岁及以上的个人进行了具有代表性的家庭调查，采用电话访谈或（法国采用）邮寄访谈的方式。英国、德国、意大利、法国和西班牙在所有季节使用的调查问卷基本相同。随后对数据进行了汇总。分析定义了四个目标群体：1）65岁及以上的人群；2）医疗领域工作人员；3）慢性病患者；4）由属于前一组1、2或3中一个或多个组的个人组成的综合目标群体。
在2006/07年度，英国的疫苗接种覆盖率为25.0%，德国为27.4%，西班牙为21.8%，法国为24.2%，意大利为24.4%。在六个流感季节（2001 - 2007年）期间，这五个国家的疫苗接种覆盖率呈轻微上升趋势（p≤0.0001）。在老年人（≥65岁）中，所有国家均未观察到显著趋势；疫苗接种率从峰值2005/06年度的64.2%非显著下降至2006/07年度的61.1%。接种疫苗最常见的原因是家庭医生或护士的建议（51%），这也被视为疫苗接种的主要促进因素（61%）。未接种疫苗的主要原因是感觉不太可能感染流感（36%）。
在英国、德国和西班牙，2006/07年度的流感疫苗接种覆盖率与上一季相比略有下降。然而，从2001/02年到2006/07年，整个欧洲观察到疫苗接种覆盖率呈上升趋势。家庭医生是鼓励个人接种疫苗的主要来源。需要努力克服疫苗接种的障碍，以实现世界卫生组织到2010年使老年人接种覆盖率达到75%的目标。这是政府、医护人员和医疗保健组织面临的一项重大挑战。
