Gall Stanley A
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Sep;51(3):486-97. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e318181dde1.
The active immunization of pregnant women during pregnancy to protect them from disease and protect their neonate with passive antibodies is a biologic fact. Fortunately, many infectious diseases occur infrequently due to excellent pediatric vaccine programs. However, most adults and many physicians are unaware of the risks of not administering vaccines especially to pregnant women. Influenza vaccine (trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine) is recommended by (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for pregnant women in any trimester of pregnancy and Tetanus, reduced diphtheria, and pertussis (TdaP) vaccine is recommended by the ACIP to be given before pregnancy, during pregnancy, or in the immediate postpartum period. Only 2% of the adult US population is protected against pertussis and it is estimated that only 25% of pregnant women receive influenza vaccine during the influenza season. This chapter discusses trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and TdaP use during pregnancy, the diseases they prevent, and the benefit to the neonate.
在孕期对孕妇进行主动免疫以保护她们免受疾病侵害，并通过被动抗体保护其新生儿，这是一个生物学事实。幸运的是，由于出色的儿童疫苗接种计划，许多传染病很少发生。然而，大多数成年人以及许多医生并未意识到不接种疫苗尤其是不对孕妇接种疫苗的风险。免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议在孕期的任何阶段对孕妇接种流感疫苗（三价灭活流感疫苗），并且ACIP建议在怀孕前、孕期或产后立即接种破伤风、低剂量白喉和百日咳（TdaP）疫苗。美国只有2%的成年人口接种了预防百日咳的疫苗，据估计在流感季节只有25%的孕妇接种流感疫苗。本章讨论孕期三价灭活流感疫苗和TdaP的使用、它们预防的疾病以及对新生儿的益处。
