Shi Jing, Liu Meina, Zhang Qiuju, Lu Mingshan, Quan Hude
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
BMC Public Health. 2008 Aug 5;8:277. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-277.
With rapid economic growth and globalization, lifestyle in China has been changing dramatically. This study aimed to describe the male and female adult Chinese population health status.
The Chinese Third National Health Services Survey was conducted in 2003 to collect information about health status and quality of life from randomly selected residents. Of the 193,689 respondents to the survey (response rate 77.8%), 139,831 (69,748 male and 70,083 female) respondents who were 18 years of age or older were analyzed.
Among the respondents, fewer males than females rated their overall wellbeing as being poor or very poor (4.8% versus 6.2%), reported illness in the last 2 weeks (14.1% versus 17.4%), presence of physician diagnosed chronic disease (15.0% versus 17.7%) and at least one functional problem in seven items of the quality of life (26.9% versus 32.8%). More males than females were currently smoking (52.4% versus 3.4%) and drank alcohol more than three times per week (16.5% versus 1.1%). Physically inactive rate was similar between males and females (85.8% versus 87.0%). Fewer rural respondents reported chronic disease than urban respondents (13.0% versus 19.9% for males and 15.5% versus 22.8% for females). In all seven items of the quality of life measured, rural respondents reported less problems than urban respondents (26.2% versus 28.7% for males and 32.0% versus 34.7% for females).
Males had better health status than females in terms of self-perceived wellbeing, presence of illness, chronic disease, and quality of life. However, smoking and frequent alcohol drinking was more prevalent among males than that among females. In contrast with the social-economic gradient in health commonly found in the literature, the wealthier urban population in China was not found to be healthier than the rural population in terms of physician diagnosed chronic disease.
随着经济的快速增长和全球化，中国的生活方式发生了巨大变化。本研究旨在描述中国成年男性和女性的健康状况。
2003年进行了中国第三次国家卫生服务调查，以从随机抽取的居民中收集有关健康状况和生活质量的信息。在193,689名调查受访者中（应答率77.8%），对139,831名18岁及以上的受访者（69,748名男性和70,083名女性）进行了分析。
在受访者中，将总体幸福感评为差或非常差的男性少于女性（4.8%对6.2%），报告在过去2周内患病的男性少于女性（14.1%对17.4%），被医生诊断患有慢性病的男性少于女性（15.0%对17.7%），并且在生活质量的七项指标中至少存在一项功能问题的男性少于女性（26.9%对32.8%）。目前吸烟的男性多于女性（52.4%对3.4%），每周饮酒超过三次的男性多于女性（16.5%对1.1%）。男性和女性的身体活动不足率相似（85.8%对87.0%）。农村受访者报告的慢性病少于城市受访者（男性为13.0%对19.9%，女性为15.5%对22.8%）。在所有测量的生活质量七项指标中，农村受访者报告的问题少于城市受访者（男性为26.2%对28.7%，女性为32.0%对34.7%）。
在自我感知的幸福感、患病情况、慢性病和生活质量方面，男性的健康状况优于女性。然而，吸烟和频繁饮酒在男性中比在女性中更为普遍。与文献中常见的健康方面的社会经济梯度相反，就医生诊断的慢性病而言，中国较富裕的城市人口并不比农村人口更健康。
