School of Demography, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
School of Demography, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
BMJ Open. 2022 Feb 15;12(2):e050707. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050707.
To examine the length and dispersion level of lifespan for the subnational populations in China, identify the urban-rural gap and sex differences, and analyse the contribution made by causes of death.
Cause-specific mortality data extracted from the Chinese Disease Surveillance Points system, grouped by sex and urban/rural residence.
Life expectancy and lifespan disparity are used to measure the length and dispersion level of lifespan, respectively. Cause-specific contributions are obtained by contrasting cause-deleted life expectancy and lifespan disparities with observed values.
Aggregated national data gathered from over 605 surveillance points across China, covering over 264 million people by 2016 (about 19.14% of the total Chinese population).
In the decade under observation, all subpopulations in China, by area and sex, experienced increases in life expectancy and decreases in lifespan disparity, while causes of deaths contributed differently. For example, based on the 2016 data, if cardiovascular diseases were deleted, there would be an increase in life expectancy that ranges from 5.59 years for urban males to 6.69 years for rural females. However, also lifespan disparity would increase, ranging from 0.81 years for urban females to 1.37 years for rural males.
In China, the urban-rural gaps in both life expectancy and lifespan disparity are shrinking as the rural residents are catching up fast, while the gender gaps remain large, and even widening. Causes of death with different age distribution patterns contribute differently to the level and direction of the urban-rural and sex differentials in life expectancy and lifespan disparity. Sex differentials were observed in cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, lung and liver cancers, and external causes, while urban-rural differences were found in lung and breast cancers, and external causes.
研究中国各省级人口的寿命长度和离散程度，确定城乡差距和性别差异，并分析死因的贡献。
从中国疾病监测点系统中提取的按性别和城乡居住分组的死因特异性死亡率数据。
预期寿命和寿命差距分别用于衡量寿命的长度和离散程度。通过比较死因缺失的预期寿命和寿命差距与观察值，得出死因的具体贡献。
来自中国 605 多个监测点的汇总全国数据，涵盖 2016 年超过 2.64 亿人（约占中国总人口的 19.14%）。
在观察的十年中，中国所有地区和性别的人口预期寿命都有所增加，寿命差距都有所缩小，而死因的贡献则不同。例如，根据 2016 年的数据，如果心血管疾病被删除，预期寿命的增加范围从城市男性的 5.59 年到农村女性的 6.69 年不等。然而，寿命差距也会增加，范围从城市女性的 0.81 年到农村男性的 1.37 年不等。
在中国，城乡差距在预期寿命和寿命差距方面都在缩小，因为农村居民正在迅速赶上，而性别差距仍然很大，甚至在扩大。具有不同年龄分布模式的死因对预期寿命和寿命差距的城乡和性别差异的水平和方向有不同的贡献。心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、肺癌和肝癌以及外部原因存在性别差异，而肺癌和乳腺癌以及外部原因存在城乡差异。
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