Li Li-ming, Rao Ke-qin, Kong Ling-zhi, Yao Chong-hua, Xiang Hong-ding, Zhai Feng-ying, Ma Guan-sheng, Yang Xiao-guang
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Acadeemy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Jul;26(7):478-84.
To describe the status of nutrition and health related indices in the Chinese population.
A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. The survey was done in 2002, including data gathered from questionnaires, interviews, physical examinations, measurement of biochemical indices, and dietary investigation.
Cereals accounted for 48.5% of all the sources of energy in urban and 61.4% in rural populations. Daily mean percentages of calories for total fat were 35.0% in urban and 27.5% in rural areas. The prevalence rates of stunting and underweight were 14.3% and 7.8% respectively in young children under 5-year-old. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 9.3% in Chinese children aged 3-12 years old. The total prevalence of anemia was 15.2% in general population of all ages. The prevalence of anemia in young adults was significantly higher in women than in men. The total prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 17.6% and 5.6%, respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, or low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol were 18.8%, 2.6%, 2.9%, 11.9%, 7.4% respectively in Chinese adults aged 18 and over. The rates of awareness, treatment, and under control among hypertensives were 30.2%, 24.7%, and 25.0%, respectively. Significant regional and age differences were revealed in the dietary habit and the prevalence of various diseases. The prevalence of diseases associated with malnutrition were higher in rural than in urban areas. In contrast, the prevalence of conditions associated with overconsumption and inappropriate dietary patterns were higher in urban than in rural populations.
Chinese people were currently suffering from both problems on nutrition related issues and burdens of diseases which were characterized in nutrient deficiencies and overconsumption, malnutrition and noncommunicable conditions associated with overconsumption and inappropriate diet. The difference of nutrition and health status between rural and urban people was also seen.
描述中国人群营养与健康相关指标的状况。
采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法，覆盖31个省、自治区和直辖市。调查于2002年进行，包括通过问卷调查、访谈、体格检查、生化指标检测和膳食调查收集的数据。
谷类在城市人群所有能量来源中占48.5%，在农村人群中占61.4%。城市和农村地区总脂肪供能的日均百分比分别为35.0%和27.5%。5岁以下幼儿发育迟缓率和低体重率分别为14.3%和7.8%。中国3至12岁儿童维生素A缺乏患病率为9.3%。各年龄段人群贫血总患病率为15.2%。青年成人中，女性贫血患病率显著高于男性。超重和肥胖总患病率分别为17.6%和5.6%。18岁及以上中国成年人高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症或低血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇患病率分别为18.8%、2.6%、2.9%、11.9%、7.4%。高血压患者的知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为30.2%、24.7%和25.0%。饮食习惯和各种疾病患病率存在显著的地区和年龄差异。与营养不良相关的疾病患病率农村高于城市。相反，与过度消费和不当饮食模式相关的疾病患病率城市高于农村人群。
中国人目前正面临营养相关问题以及疾病负担，其特点是营养缺乏与过度消费、营养不良以及与过度消费和不当饮食相关的非传染性疾病并存。城乡人群的营养与健康状况也存在差异。
