Cavirani S
Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 8, Parma 43100, Italy.
Vet Res Commun. 2008 Sep;32 Suppl 1:S19-24. doi: 10.1007/s11259-008-9086-2.
The intensive farming of dairy and beef cattle has elicited a decrease in the herds and an increase in the number of animals per herd. The high concentration of cattle and the movement of the animals among herds has led to an increase in the health risks. In this context we have to consider the role of microbial agents of zoonoses, such as bacteria, parasites, and in some cases viruses. Notably, foodstuffs, such as meat, milk and dairy products, are the main sources of zoonoses of bovine origin. In particular, raw milk must be considered at high risk for trasmission of pathogens from cattle to humans. The European Regulation concerning food safety provides specific requirements for animal products and in bovine health management. Given the direct responsibility of the producer, the adoption of a self-regulation regimen on animal health, dairy and meat products must be planned by farmers.
奶牛和肉牛的集约化养殖导致畜群数量减少，而每群动物的数量增加。牛的高度集中以及动物在畜群间的流动增加了健康风险。在这种情况下，我们必须考虑人畜共患病微生物媒介的作用，例如细菌、寄生虫，以及某些情况下的病毒。值得注意的是，肉类、牛奶和奶制品等食品是牛源性人畜共患病的主要来源。特别是，生牛奶必须被视为病原体从牛传播给人类的高风险因素。欧洲食品安全法规对动物产品和牛的健康管理提出了具体要求。鉴于生产者的直接责任，农民必须制定关于动物健康、奶制品和肉类产品的自我监管方案。
