Cooper Glinda S, Jones Samantha
National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Aug;116(8):1001-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.11081.
Pentachlorophenol, a fungicide widely used as a wood preservative, was classified in 1999 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen. We reviewed currently available data to determine the extent to which recent studies assist in distinguishing the effect of pentachlorophenol from that of its contaminants (e.g., dioxins and other chlorophenols).
We performed a systematic review of published studies pertaining to cancer risk in relation to pentachlorophenol exposure, focusing on results pertaining specifically to all cancer sites and specific hematopoietic cancers, and data pertaining to risks associated with other types of chlorophenols, dioxins, or furans.
The pentachlorophenol studies presented considerable evidence pertaining to hematopoietic cancers, with strong associations seen in multiple studies, in different locations, and using different designs. There is little evidence of an association between these cancers and chlorophenols that contain fewer than four chlorines. The extension of a large cohort study of sawmill workers, with follow-up to 1995, provided information about risks of relatively rare cancers (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma), using a validated exposure assessment procedure that distinguishes between exposures to pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol. In contrast with dioxin, pentachlorophenol exposure has not been associated with total cancer incidence or mortality.
The updated cohort study focusing on pentachlorophenol provides increased statistical power and precision, and demonstrates associations between hematopoietic cancer and pentachlorophenol exposure not observed in earlier evaluations of this cohort. Contaminant confounding is an unlikely explanation for the risks seen with pentachlorophenol exposure.
五氯苯酚是一种广泛用作木材防腐剂的杀菌剂，1999年被国际癌症研究机构列为可能的人类致癌物。我们回顾了现有数据，以确定近期研究在多大程度上有助于区分五氯苯酚与其污染物（如二恶英和其他氯酚）的影响。
我们对已发表的有关五氯苯酚暴露与癌症风险的研究进行了系统综述，重点关注与所有癌症部位和特定造血系统癌症相关的结果，以及与其他类型氯酚、二恶英或呋喃相关风险的数据。
五氯苯酚研究提供了大量与造血系统癌症相关的证据，在多项研究中，不同地点以及采用不同设计均发现了强烈关联。几乎没有证据表明这些癌症与含氯少于四个的氯酚之间存在关联。一项对锯木厂工人的大型队列研究延长至1995年进行随访，使用经过验证的暴露评估程序区分五氯苯酚和四氯苯酚暴露，提供了有关相对罕见癌症（如非霍奇金淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤）风险的信息。与二恶英不同，五氯苯酚暴露与总体癌症发病率或死亡率无关。
聚焦五氯苯酚的更新队列研究提供了更高的统计效力和精度，并证明了造血系统癌症与五氯苯酚暴露之间的关联，而在该队列的早期评估中未观察到这种关联。污染物混杂不太可能解释五氯苯酚暴露所呈现的风险。
