Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan, Menné Torkil, Elberling Jesper, Plaschke Peter, Johansen Jeanne Duus
Department of Dermatology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen, Dennmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 2008 Aug;59(2):69-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01366.x.
Local anaesthetics (LA) are widely used drugs. Adverse reactions are rare but may be caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and probably also immediate-type reactions. As it is not always easy to clinically differ between these subtypes, allergy skin testing should be considered. Although numerous test protocols have been published, how patients with hypersensitivity reactions to LA are ideally evaluated remains a topic of discussion. This review attempts to generate a comprehensive update on allergic reactions to LA and to present an algorithm that can be used for the evaluation of patients suspected with immediate- and delayed-type immune reactions. Literature was examined using PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, Biosis and Science Citation Index. Based on the literature, the proposed algorithm may safely and rapidly distinguish between immediate-type and delayed-type allergic immune reactions.
局部麻醉药（LA）是广泛使用的药物。不良反应很少见，但可能由迟发型超敏反应引起，也可能由速发型反应引起。由于临床上区分这些亚型并不总是容易，因此应考虑进行过敏皮肤试验。尽管已经发表了许多测试方案，但如何理想地评估对LA过敏反应的患者仍然是一个讨论的话题。本综述试图全面更新关于LA过敏反应的内容，并提出一种可用于评估疑似速发型和迟发型免疫反应患者的算法。使用PubMed-Medline、EMBASE、Biosis和科学引文索引对文献进行了检索。基于文献，所提出的算法可以安全、快速地区分速发型和迟发型过敏免疫反应。
