International Training and Education Center on HIV (I-TECH), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104-3508, USA.
Hum Resour Health. 2008 Aug 29;6:17. doi: 10.1186/1478-4491-6-17.
Preparing health workers to confront the HIV/AIDS epidemic is an urgent challenge in Haiti, where the HIV prevalence rate is 2.2% and approximately 10 100 people are taking antiretroviral treatment. There is a critical shortage of doctors in Haiti, leaving nurses as the primary care providers for much of the population. Haiti's approximately 1000 nurses play a leading role in HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment. However, nurses do not receive sufficient training at the pre-service level to carry out this important work.
To address this issue, the Ministry of Health and Population collaborated with the International Training and Education Center on HIV over a period of 12 months to create a competency-based HIV/AIDS curriculum to be integrated into the 4-year baccalaureate programme of the four national schools of nursing.
Using a review of the international health and education literature on HIV/AIDS competencies and various models of curriculum development, a Haiti-based curriculum committee developed expected HIV/AIDS competencies for graduating nurses and then drafted related learning objectives. The committee then mapped these learning objectives to current courses in the nursing curriculum and created an 'HIV/AIDS Teaching Guide' for faculty on how to integrate and achieve these objectives within their current courses. The curriculum committee also created an 'HIV/AIDS Reference Manual' that detailed the relevant HIV/AIDS content that should be taught for each course.
All nursing students will now need to demonstrate competency in HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, skills and attitudes during periodic assessment with direct observation of the student performing authentic tasks. Faculty will have the responsibility of developing exercises to address the required objectives and creating assessment tools to demonstrate that their graduates have met the objectives. This activity brought different administrators, nurse leaders and faculty from four geographically dispersed nursing schools to collaborate on a shared goal using a process that could be easily replicated to integrate any new topic in a resource-constrained pre-service institution. It is hoped that this experience provided stakeholders with the experience, skills and motivation to strengthen other domains of the pre-service nursing curriculum, improve the synchronization of didactic and practical training and develop standardized, competency-based examinations for nursing licensure in Haiti.
在海地，培训卫生工作者应对艾滋病流行是一项紧迫的挑战，该国的艾滋病毒感染率为 2.2%，约有 10100 人正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。海地严重缺乏医生，导致护士成为大部分人口的主要医疗服务提供者。海地约 1000 名护士在艾滋病的预防、护理和治疗方面发挥着主导作用。然而，护士在入职前阶段没有接受足够的培训来开展这项重要工作。
为了解决这个问题，卫生部与国际艾滋病培训教育中心合作，历时 12 个月，制定了一个以能力为基础的艾滋病课程，纳入全国四所护理学校为期四年的学士学位课程。
利用对艾滋病相关能力的国际卫生和教育文献的审查，以及各种课程开发模式，一个海地课程委员会为即将毕业的护士制定了预期的艾滋病能力，并起草了相关的学习目标。委员会随后将这些学习目标映射到护理课程中的现有课程，并为教师制定了一份“艾滋病教学指南”，说明如何在现有课程中整合和实现这些目标。课程委员会还创建了一份“艾滋病参考手册”，详细说明了应教授每门课程的相关艾滋病内容。
所有护理专业的学生现在都需要在定期评估中展示与艾滋病相关的知识、技能和态度方面的能力，评估方式是直接观察学生完成真实任务的情况。教师将有责任制定解决所需目标的练习，并创建评估工具，以证明其毕业生达到了目标。这项活动使来自四个地理上分散的护理学校的不同管理人员、护士领导人和教师能够为一个共同的目标而合作，使用一种可以轻松复制的流程，在资源有限的入职前机构中整合任何新的主题。希望这一经验为利益攸关方提供了经验、技能和动力，以加强入职前护理课程的其他领域，使理论教学和实践培训更加同步，并为海地的护士执照考试制定标准化的、以能力为基础的考试。
