Coico Richard
Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2005 Oct;Appendix 3:Appendix 3C. doi: 10.1002/9780471729259.mca03cs00.
Named after Hans Christian Gram who developed the method in 1884, the Gram stain allows one to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on the basis of differential staining with a crystal violet-iodine complex and a safranin counterstain. The cell walls of Gram-positive organisms retain this complex after treatment with alcohol and appear purple, whereas gram-negative organisms decolorize following such treatment and appear pink. The method described here is useful for assessing bacterial contamination of tissue culture samples or for examining the Gram stain status and morphological features of bacteria isolated from mixed or isolated bacterial cultures.
革兰氏染色法以1884年发明该方法的汉斯·克里斯蒂安·革兰命名，它能让人们根据结晶紫-碘复合物的鉴别染色和番红复染，区分革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。革兰氏阳性菌的细胞壁在用酒精处理后仍保留这种复合物，呈现紫色，而革兰氏阴性菌在此处理后会脱色，呈现粉红色。这里描述的方法可用于评估组织培养样本的细菌污染情况，或用于检查从混合或分离的细菌培养物中分离出的细菌的革兰氏染色状态和形态特征。
