Deierlein Andrea L, Siega-Riz Anna Maria, Herring Amy
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Sep;88(3):693-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.3.693.
Most pregnant women gain more weight than the ranges recommended. Excessive weight gain is linked to pregnancy complications and to long-term maternal and child health outcomes.
The objective was to examine the impact of dietary glycemic load and energy density on total gestational weight gain and the weight gain ratio (observed weight gain/expected weight gain).
Data are from 1231 women with singleton pregnancies who participated in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Cohort Study. Dietary information was collected at 26-29 wk of gestation with the use of a semiquantified food-frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between quartiles of glycemic load and energy density with total gestational weight gain and weight gain ratio.
Dietary patterns of pregnant women significantly differed across many sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, with the greatest contrasts seen for glycemic load. After adjustment for covariates, compared with women in the first quartile consuming a mean dietary energy density of 0.71 kcal/g (reference), women in the third quartile consuming a mean energy density of 0.98 kcal/g gained an excess of 1.13 kg (95% CI: 0.24, 2.01), and women in the fourth quartile consuming a mean energy density of 1.21 kcal/g gained an excess of 1.08 kg (95% CI: 0.20, 1.97) and had an increase of 0.13 (95% CI: 0.006, 0.24) units in the weight gain ratio. All other comparisons of energy intakes were not statistically significant. Glycemic load was not associated with total gestational weight gain or weight gain ratio.
Dietary energy density is a modifiable factor that may assist pregnant women in managing gestational weight gains.
大多数孕妇体重增加超过推荐范围。体重过度增加与妊娠并发症以及母婴长期健康结局相关。
本研究旨在探讨膳食血糖负荷和能量密度对总孕期体重增加及体重增加比率（观察到的体重增加/预期体重增加）的影响。
数据来自1231名单胎妊娠妇女，她们参与了妊娠、感染与营养队列研究。在妊娠26 - 29周时，使用半定量食物频率问卷收集膳食信息。采用线性回归模型估计血糖负荷和能量密度四分位数与总孕期体重增加及体重增加比率之间的关联。
孕妇的膳食模式在许多社会人口学和行为特征方面存在显著差异，血糖负荷方面的差异最为明显。在对协变量进行调整后，与第一四分位数中平均膳食能量密度为0.71千卡/克的女性（参照组）相比，第三四分位数中平均能量密度为0.98千卡/克的女性体重额外增加了1.13千克（95%置信区间：0.24，2.01），第四四分位数中平均能量密度为1.21千卡/克的女性体重额外增加了1.08千克（95%置信区间：0.20，1.97），且体重增加比率增加了0.13（95%置信区间：0.006，0.24）个单位。能量摄入的所有其他比较均无统计学意义。血糖负荷与总孕期体重增加或体重增加比率无关。
膳食能量密度是一个可改变的因素，可能有助于孕妇控制孕期体重增加。
