Bronzan Rachel N, McMorrow Meredith L, Kachur S Patrick
United States Public Health Service, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Mol Diagn Ther. 2008;12(5):299-306. doi: 10.1007/BF03256295.
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical factors in reducing morbidity and mortality, as delayed treatment of malaria increases the risk of death. Microscopy has long been the standard of malaria diagnosis, but newer diagnostic tests now offer advantages in certain settings. Malaria diagnosis is complicated by the fact that acquired immunity to malaria can result in asymptomatic infections. In a symptomatic (febrile) patient, no existing malaria diagnostic test can distinguish malarial illness from parasitemia with concomitant fever of another cause. In this review we discuss the available malaria diagnostic tests, appropriate applications for each, and the challenges of malaria diagnosis in both endemic and non-endemic settings.
疟疾是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。及时诊断和治疗是降低发病率和死亡率的关键因素，因为疟疾治疗延迟会增加死亡风险。长期以来，显微镜检查一直是疟疾诊断的标准方法，但新的诊断测试在某些情况下具有优势。疟疾诊断较为复杂，因为获得性疟疾免疫力可导致无症状感染。在有症状（发热）的患者中，现有的疟疾诊断测试无法区分疟疾疾病与伴有其他原因发热的寄生虫血症。在本综述中，我们讨论了现有的疟疾诊断测试、每种测试的适用情况以及在疟疾流行地区和非流行地区进行疟疾诊断所面临的挑战。
