Ainsworth M A, Rogers L P, Markus J F, Dorsey N K, Blackwell T A, Petrusa E R
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
JAMA. 1991 Sep 11;266(10):1390-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.266.10.1390.
The primary goal of medical education is to foster development of clinical competence in trainees at all levels. Variable clinical experience, inconsistent methods of instruction, and ambiguous evaluation criteria undermine this goal. Standardized patients, trained to consistently portray a wide variety of clinical cases, can help overcome many of these educational problems. This article describes the development and application of standardized patients throughout medical training at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, in the freshman interviewing course, the second-year physical diagnosis course, third-year clerkships, a fourth-year final exercise, and residency training. Development of this program is discussed in the context of a broader literature in medical education, and investigation of variables affecting standardized patient and student performance is reported. Future directions for use of standardized patients in monitoring and promoting the development of clinical competence are discussed.
医学教育的主要目标是促进各级受训人员临床能力的发展。临床经验的参差不齐、教学方法的不一致以及评估标准的不明确，都有损于这一目标。标准化病人经过培训，能够始终如一地呈现各种各样的临床病例，有助于克服诸多此类教育问题。本文描述了标准化病人在得克萨斯大学加尔维斯顿医学分校整个医学培训过程中的开发与应用，涵盖大一新生面试课程、大二物理诊断课程、大三临床实习、大四结业考核以及住院医师培训。本项目的开发是在医学教育领域更广泛文献的背景下进行讨论的，并报告了对影响标准化病人和学生表现的变量的研究。文中还讨论了使用标准化病人监测和促进临床能力发展的未来方向。
