Gomez Pablo, Shutter Jennifer, Rouder Jeffrey N
Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Oct;15(5):940-4. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.5.940.
This article investigates how the perspective from which we see an object affects memory. Object identification can be affected by the orientation of the object. Palmer, Rosch, and Chase (1981) coined the term canonical to describe perspectives in which identification performance is best. We present two experiments that tested the effects of object perspective on memory. Our results revealed a double dissociation between task (recognition and recall) and type of object perspective. In recognition, items studied in the noncanonical viewpoint produced higher proportions of "old" responses than did items studied in the canonical viewpoint, whereas new objects presented from a noncanonical viewpoint produced fewer "old" responses than did new objects presented from the canonical viewpoint. In free recall, conversely, objects studied from the noncanonical viewpoint produced lower recall rates than did objects studied from the canonical viewpoint. These results, which reveal a pattern similar to word frequency effects, support the psychological reality of canonical viewpoints and the frequency-of-exposure-based accounts of canonical viewpoint effects.
本文研究了我们观察物体的视角如何影响记忆。物体识别可能会受到物体方向的影响。帕尔默、罗施和蔡斯（1981年）创造了“规范”一词来描述识别表现最佳的视角。我们进行了两项实验，测试物体视角对记忆的影响。我们的结果揭示了任务（识别和回忆）与物体视角类型之间的双重分离。在识别中，从非规范视角学习的项目产生的“旧”反应比例高于从规范视角学习的项目，而从非规范视角呈现的新物体产生的“旧”反应比从规范视角呈现的新物体少。相反，在自由回忆中，从非规范视角学习的物体比从规范视角学习的物体产生的回忆率更低。这些结果揭示了一种类似于词频效应的模式，支持了规范视角的心理现实以及基于曝光频率的规范视角效应解释。
