Sinha Rajita
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
Addict Biol. 2009 Jan;14(1):84-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00134.x. Epub 2008 Oct 20.
Addition is a chronic relapsing illness affected by multiple social, individual and biological factors that significantly impact course and recovery of the illness. Stress interacts with these factors and increases addiction vulnerability and relapse risk, thereby playing a significant role in the course of the illness. This paper reviews our efforts in developing and validating laboratory models of stress and drug cue-related provocation to assess stress responses and stress-related adaptation in addicted individuals compared with healthy controls. Empirical findings from human laboratory and brain imaging studies are presented to show the specific stress-related dysregulation that accompanies the drug-craving state in addicted individuals. In order to adequately validate our laboratory model, we have also carefully examined relapse susceptibility in the addicted individuals and these data are reviewed. The overarching goal of these efforts is to develop a valid laboratory model to identify the stress-related pathophysiology in addiction with specific regard to persistent craving and compulsive seeking. Finally, the significant implications of these findings for the development of novel treatment interventions that target stress processes and drug craving to improve addiction relapse outcomes are discussed.
成瘾是一种慢性复发性疾病，受多种社会、个体和生物学因素影响，这些因素会显著影响疾病的进程和康复。压力与这些因素相互作用，增加成瘾易感性和复发风险，从而在疾病进程中发挥重要作用。本文回顾了我们在开发和验证压力及药物线索相关激发的实验室模型方面所做的努力，以评估成瘾个体与健康对照相比的应激反应和与压力相关的适应性。文中呈现了来自人体实验室和脑成像研究的实证结果，以展示成瘾个体在药物渴望状态下伴随的特定压力相关失调。为了充分验证我们的实验室模型，我们还仔细研究了成瘾个体的复发易感性，并对这些数据进行了回顾。这些努力的总体目标是开发一个有效的实验室模型，以确定成瘾中与压力相关的病理生理学，特别是关于持续渴望和强迫性寻求方面。最后，讨论了这些发现对开发针对压力过程和药物渴望以改善成瘾复发结果的新型治疗干预措施的重大意义。
