Popin E, Kopferschmitt-Kubler M-C, Gonzalez M, Brom M, Flesch F, Pauli G
Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Lyautey, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France.
Rev Mal Respir. 2008 Sep;25(7):806-13. doi: 10.1016/s0761-8425(08)74345-6.
A national surveillance programme (ONAP project) was created in France in 1996 by two professional societies to estimate the incidence and identity the characteristics of occupational asthma.
In 2001 and 2002 chest physicians and occupational physicians in Alsace were intensively solicited for better voluntary reporting of cases of occupational asthma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of such a procedure on the number of cases reported, with a view to collecting comprehensive data.
The mean annual incidence of occupational asthma was estimated at 126 cases per million workers with a female predominance (52.4%). Flours and isocyanates represented 40% of the suspected agents. Isocyanate asthma (21% of the total) was reported mainly in workers in the car supply industry, and seems to be a specific feature of the region. Persulfates represented 5.3% of the cases; latex and aldehydes 2.6%. The study also points to emergent aetiologies and work risks, i.e. quaternary ammonium compounds in disinfecting detergent products used by cleaners and healthcare workers.
This study, which allowed better assessment of the real incidence of OA in Alsace and better detection of substances and occupations at risk, is an incentive to continue our Surveillance programme.
1996年，法国的两个专业协会发起了一项全国性监测计划（ONAP项目），以评估职业性哮喘的发病率并确定其特征。
2001年和2002年，大力动员了阿尔萨斯地区的胸科医生和职业医生，以便更好地自愿报告职业性哮喘病例。本研究的目的是评估这一程序对报告病例数的影响，以期收集全面的数据。
职业性哮喘的年平均发病率估计为每百万工人126例，女性占主导（52.4%）。面粉和异氰酸酯占疑似致病因素的40%。异氰酸酯哮喘（占总数的21%）主要报告于汽车供应行业的工人中，似乎是该地区的一个特点。过硫酸盐占病例的5.3%；乳胶和醛占2.6%。该研究还指出了新出现的病因和工作风险，即清洁人员和医护人员使用的消毒洗涤剂产品中的季铵化合物。
本研究有助于更好地评估阿尔萨斯地区职业性哮喘的实际发病率，并更好地检测有风险的物质和职业，这激励我们继续开展监测计划。
