Hnizdo E, Esterhuizen T M, Rees D, Lalloo U G
National Centre for Occupational Health, Department of Health, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Jan;31(1):32-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.00981.x.
The nationwide Surveillance of Work-related and Occupational Respiratory Diseases in South Africa, SORDSA, was established in 1996 to provide systematic information on occupational respiratory diseases.
SORDSA's objectives are to monitor the nature, extent and distribution of occupational respiratory diseases, and to increase awareness of their diagnosis and prevention. This paper describes the programme and results obtained for occupational asthma in the first 2 years, ending in October 1998.
SORDSA identifies newly diagnosed cases of occupational respiratory disease through voluntary reporting by pulmonologists, occupational medicine doctors and occupational health nurses. Initially, recruitment of the above health care providers was done through the membership infrastructure of their respective professional societies. Booklets with prescribed monthly reporting forms were distributed annually to all reporting members and a core of reporting providers was established through a proactive method of data collection. Information dissemination and reporting feedback takes place through quarterly newsletters and issue-specific brochures on certain hazardous agents.
Over the initial 2-year period, 3285 cases of occupational respiratory disease were reported to SORDSA by 203 doctors and 97 occupational health nurses. After pneumoconiosis and associated respiratory conditions, occupational asthma was the second most commonly reported disease with 225 cases (6.9%). The average annual incidence for occupational asthma in South Africa was 13.1 per million employed people, with the highest incidence reported from the Western Cape province (37.6 per million). Latex was the most frequently reported agent for occupational asthma, followed by isocyanates and platinum salts. Low molecular weight agents accounted for 59.6% of the cases of occupational asthma.
The results from this initial phase show that despite some limitations, SORDSA has the potential to obtain useful data on the industries, agents and occupations causing occupational asthma in South Africa.
南非全国职业性和与工作相关的呼吸道疾病监测系统（SORDSA）于1996年建立，旨在提供有关职业性呼吸道疾病的系统信息。
SORDSA的目标是监测职业性呼吸道疾病的性质、范围和分布，并提高对其诊断和预防的认识。本文描述了截至1998年10月的头两年中职业性哮喘的项目及取得的成果。
SORDSA通过肺科医生、职业医学医生和职业健康护士的自愿报告来识别新诊断的职业性呼吸道疾病病例。最初，通过上述医疗保健提供者各自专业协会的会员基础设施来招募他们。每年向所有报告成员分发带有规定月度报告表格的小册子，并通过积极的数据收集方法建立了一个报告提供者核心群体。通过季刊通讯和关于某些有害因素的特定问题手册进行信息传播和报告反馈。
在最初的两年期间，203名医生和97名职业健康护士向SORDSA报告了3285例职业性呼吸道疾病病例。在尘肺病及相关呼吸道疾病之后，职业性哮喘是第二大最常报告的疾病，有225例（6.9%）。南非职业性哮喘的年均发病率为每百万就业人员13.1例，西开普省报告的发病率最高（每百万37.6例）。乳胶是职业性哮喘最常报告的致病因素，其次是异氰酸酯和铂盐。低分子量因素占职业性哮喘病例的59.6%。
这一初始阶段的结果表明，尽管存在一些局限性，但SORDSA有潜力获取关于南非导致职业性哮喘的行业、致病因素和职业的有用数据。
