Ponniah Sharon, Bloomfield Ashley
Access and Optimal Use, PHARMAC, PO Box 10-254, Wellington 6011, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2008 Oct 17;121(1284):34-42.
To analyse adult smoking rates in New Zealand using 2006 Census data
Data from the 2006 Census of Population and Dwellings were analysed for smoking status against various demographic variables. Data were compared against 1996 Census data to identify changes in smoking prevalence. Age standardised rates were calculated for gender and ethnicity using the WHO Population Standard.
The prevalence of regular smokers aged 15 years and over in New Zealand in 2006 was 20.7%, a 3% decrease since 1996. People identifying with Maori and Pacific ethnic groups as well as people who reside in areas of greater deprivation, who earn less, and who are unemployed continue to have the highest rates of smoking. The prevalence of never having smoked regularly has increased among 15 to 19 year olds; increases are not reflected to the same extent among 20 to 24 year olds, however, thus suggesting a possible increase in the age of initiation over the last 10 years.
While the prevalence of smoking in New Zealand continues to decline, the decrease is gradual--3% over 10 years, largely due to a reduction in initiation rather than increased cessation--and significant ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking persist. These findings are being used to inform policy and practice in tobacco control, including ensuring that programmes and initiatives are accessible and reliably delivered to groups with the highest smoking rates.
利用2006年人口普查数据分析新西兰成年人的吸烟率
对2006年人口与住房普查数据进行分析，以了解吸烟状况与各种人口统计学变量之间的关系。将这些数据与1996年人口普查数据进行比较，以确定吸烟率的变化情况。使用世界卫生组织人口标准计算了按性别和种族划分的年龄标准化率。
2006年，新西兰15岁及以上经常吸烟人群的吸烟率为20.7%，自1996年以来下降了3%。认同毛利族和太平洋族裔的人群，以及居住在贫困程度较高地区、收入较低和失业的人群，吸烟率仍然最高。15至19岁从未经常吸烟的人群比例有所上升；然而，20至24岁人群的上升幅度没有那么大，这表明在过去10年中，开始吸烟的年龄可能有所增加。
虽然新西兰的吸烟率持续下降，但下降速度较为缓慢——10年间下降了3%，这主要是由于开始吸烟的人数减少，而非戒烟人数增加——而且吸烟方面存在显著的种族和社会经济不平等现象。这些研究结果正被用于为烟草控制政策和实践提供信息，包括确保项目和倡议能够惠及吸烟率最高的群体，并能可靠地提供给他们。
