Jansen Cassie C, Webb Cameron E, Northill Judith A, Ritchie Scott A, Russell Richard C, Van den Hurk Andrew F
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008 Dec;8(6):805-11. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0037.
Since the establishment of West Nile virus (WNV) into the United States, concern has arisen that this virus may also pose a serious threat to Australian biosecurity. The vector competence of 19 Australian mosquito species for a North American strain of WNV was evaluated. Mosquitoes collected from Cairns, Brisbane, and Sydney were exposed to blood containing 10(4.0+/-0.3) cell culture infectious dose(50)/mosquito WNV that was isolated from a crow during the 1999 New York outbreak. Mosquitoes were tested 12-15 days later to determine their infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. A number of Culex spp. demonstrated a high vector competence for this virus, with some populations of Culex annulirostris, the primary Australian Kunjin virus vector, displaying transmission rates up to 84%. Similarly, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. gelidus were highly competent, with infection and transmission rates of >80% and >50%, respectively. Common Aedes spp., including Aedes notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, and Ae. procax, were moderately susceptible, and some Verrallina spp. and Coquillettidia spp. were relatively refractory to infection. Thus, Australia possesses a number of competent mosquito species that could facilitate local transmission of WNV, should it be introduced.
自西尼罗河病毒（WNV）在美国出现以来，人们开始担心这种病毒可能也会对澳大利亚的生物安全构成严重威胁。对19种澳大利亚蚊虫对北美WNV毒株的媒介能力进行了评估。从凯恩斯、布里斯班和悉尼采集的蚊虫接触了含有10(4.0±0.3)组织培养感染剂量（50）/只蚊虫的WNV血液，该毒株是从1999年纽约疫情期间的一只乌鸦身上分离出来的。12至15天后对蚊虫进行检测，以确定它们的感染、传播和传播率。一些库蚊属物种对这种病毒表现出较高的媒介能力，作为澳大利亚主要的库金病毒媒介，环喙库蚊的一些种群显示出高达84%的传播率。同样，致倦库蚊和杰氏库蚊的媒介能力也很强，感染率和传播率分别>80%和>50%。常见的伊蚊属物种，包括澳洲伊蚊、骚扰伊蚊和前凹伊蚊，易感性中等，一些维氏蚊属和脉毛蚊属物种对感染相对具有抗性。因此，如果引入WNV，澳大利亚有许多具备媒介能力的蚊虫物种可能会促进其在当地的传播。
