Koot H M, Verhulst F C
Department of Child Psychiatry, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1991;367:1-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb10574.x.
The present study provides prevalence data on behavioral and emotional problems in Dutch preschool children from the general population. The Child Behavior Checklist for ages 2-3 (3) was completed by parents of 421 children aged 2-3 living in the Dutch province of Zuid-Holland. Mean 3-week test-retest reliability of the instrument was .79 (pearson correlation) and the mean interparent agreement was .47. The CBCL/2-3 scores correlated positively and significantly (mean r of .65) with the BCL, an instrument designed to measure behavior problems, and not substantially (mean r of -.06) with the MCDI, an instrument to assess the child's level of general development. For each of the 99 problem items the prevalence rates were presented graphically for boys and girls in 6-months age-groups. The prevalence rates of individual problem items ranged from 1% to 80%. Sixteen percent of the items was scored for more than half of the sample, indicating that the behavior covered in these items may be quite common in young preschool children. In this sample 7.8% of the children were estimated to have a behavior problem, which compares well to the rates found in other studies. No age, sex, or SES differences in total problem scores were found. Almost all significant age, sex, and SES differences found for individual items were small. Age differences found for individual problem items probably reflect the growing self-other differentiation in 2-3-year-olds. Analysis of sex differences revealed that boys were rated to be more aggressive and oppositional and as having more developmental problems, and that girls were rated to have more sleep problems. SES differences were found for items which reflect hyperactive, undercontrolled, dependent, and depressed behaviors. Comparison of problem scores for referred and nonreferred preschool children indicated higher scores for referred children on 72 of the 99 problem items. The largest differences were found for the items Doesn't get along with other children, Wants a lot of attention, and Can't concentrate. Based on the total problem score 70 percent of the children could be correctly classified as referred or non-referred. A large percentage of children, however, was incorrectly classified based on the total problem score alone.
本研究提供了荷兰普通人群中学龄前儿童行为和情绪问题的患病率数据。居住在荷兰南荷兰省的421名2至3岁儿童的父母完成了《2 - 3岁儿童行为检查表》。该工具的平均3周重测信度为0.79（皮尔逊相关系数），父母间的平均一致性为0.47。《2 - 3岁儿童行为检查表》的得分与旨在测量行为问题的《行为检查表》呈显著正相关（平均相关系数为0.65），而与用于评估儿童总体发育水平的《麦克阿瑟交流发展指标》相关性不大（平均相关系数为 - 0.06）。对于99个问题项目中的每一个，都以图表形式呈现了6个月年龄组中男孩和女孩的患病率。各个问题项目的患病率从1%到80%不等。16%的项目在超过一半的样本中被计分，这表明这些项目所涵盖的行为在学龄前儿童中可能相当普遍。在这个样本中，估计有7.8%的儿童存在行为问题，这与其他研究中发现的比率相当。在总问题得分上未发现年龄、性别或社会经济地位的差异。在各个项目中发现的几乎所有显著的年龄、性别和社会经济地位差异都很小。在各个问题项目中发现的年龄差异可能反映了2至3岁儿童自我与他人区分能力的发展。对性别差异的分析表明，男孩被评为更具攻击性和对立性，且有更多发育问题，而女孩被评为有更多睡眠问题。在反映多动、控制不足、依赖和抑郁行为的项目中发现了社会经济地位差异。对转诊和未转诊学龄前儿童问题得分的比较表明，在99个问题项目中的72个项目上，转诊儿童的得分更高。在“与其他孩子相处不好”“渴望大量关注”和“注意力不集中”这些项目上发现的差异最大。基于总问题得分，70%的儿童能够被正确分类为转诊或未转诊。然而，仅根据总问题得分，有很大比例的儿童被错误分类。
