Smith Chad E, Nyland John, Caudill Paul, Brosky Joseph, Caborn David N M
School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 Nov;38(11):703-20. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2008.2814.
The sport of volleyball creates considerable dynamic trunk stability demands. Back injury occurs all too frequently in volleyball, particularly among female athletes. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to review functional anatomy, muscle coactivation strategies, assessment of trunk muscle performance, and the characteristics of effective exercises for the trunk or core. From this information, a conceptual progressive 3-phase volleyball-specific training program is presented to improve dynamic trunk stability and to potentially reduce the incidence of back injury among volleyball athletes. Phase 1 addresses low-velocity motor control, kinesthetic awareness, and endurance, with the clinician providing cues to teach achievement of biomechanically neutral spine alignment. Phase 2 focuses on progressively higher velocity dynamic multiplanar endurance, coordination, and strength-power challenges integrating upper and lower extremity movements, while maintaining neutral spine alignment. Phase 3 integrates volleyball-specific skill simulations by breaking down composite movement patterns into their component parts, with differing dynamic trunk stability requirements, while maintaining neutral spine alignment. Prospective research is needed to validate the efficacy of this program.
排球运动对躯干动态稳定性有相当高的要求。在排球运动中，背部受伤极为常见，尤其是在女性运动员中。本临床评论的目的是回顾功能解剖学、肌肉协同激活策略、躯干肌肉性能评估以及针对躯干或核心的有效锻炼的特点。基于这些信息，提出了一个概念性的、分三个阶段的排球专项训练计划，以提高躯干动态稳定性，并有可能降低排球运动员背部受伤的发生率。第一阶段解决低速运动控制、本体感觉意识和耐力问题，临床医生提供提示，教导如何实现生物力学上的脊柱中立位排列。第二阶段专注于逐渐提高速度的动态多平面耐力、协调性和力量-功率挑战，整合上下肢运动，同时保持脊柱中立位排列。第三阶段通过将复合运动模式分解为其组成部分，模拟排球专项技能，这些部分具有不同的动态躯干稳定性要求，同时保持脊柱中立位排列。需要进行前瞻性研究来验证该计划的有效性。
