Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3206, USA,
Cogn Neurodyn. 2007 Mar;1(1):3-14. doi: 10.1007/s11571-006-9001-x. Epub 2006 Dec 7.
Neocortical state variables are defined and evaluated at three levels: microscopic using multiple spike activity (MSA), mesoscopic using local field potentials (LFP) and electrocorticograms (ECoG), and macroscopic using electroencephalograms (EEG) and brain imaging. Transactions between levels occur in all areas of cortex, upwardly by integration (abstraction, generalization) and downwardly by differentiation (speciation). The levels are joined by circular causality: microscopic activity upwardly creates mesoscopic order parameters, which downwardly constrain the microscopic activity that creates them. Integration dominates in sensory cortices. Microscopic activity evoked by receptor input in sensation induces emergence of mesoscopic activity in perception, followed by integration of perceptual activity into macroscopic activity in concept formation. The reverse process dominates in motor cortices, where the macroscopic activity embodying the concepts supports predictions of future states as goals. These macroscopic states are conceived to order mesoscopic activity in patterns that constitute plans for actions to achieve the goals. These planning patterns are conceived to provide frames in which the microscopic activity evolves in trajectories that adapted to the immediate environmental conditions detected by new stimuli. This circular sequence forms the action-perception cycle. Its upward limb is understood through correlation of sensory cortical activity with behavior. Now brain-machine interfaces (BMI) offer a means to understand the downward sequence through correlation of behavior with motor cortical activity, beginning with macroscopic goal states and concluding with recording of microscopic MSA trajectories that operate neuroprostheses. Part 1 develops a hypothesis that describes qualitatively the neurodynamics that supports the action-perception cycle and derivative reflex arc. Part 2 describes episodic, "cinematographic" spatial pattern formation and predicts some properties of the macroscopic and mesoscopic frames by which the embedded trajectories of the microscopic activity of cortical sensorimotor neurons might be organized and controlled.
使用多个尖峰活动 (MSA) 的微观层面、使用局部场电位 (LFP) 和脑皮层电图 (ECoG) 的介观层面，以及使用脑电图 (EEG) 和脑成像的宏观层面。各级之间的转换发生在皮层的所有区域，向上通过整合（抽象化、概括化），向下通过分化（特化）。这些层次通过循环因果关系连接在一起：微观活动向上产生介观秩序参数，这些参数向下约束产生它们的微观活动。在感觉皮层中，整合占主导地位。感觉中的受体输入诱发的微观活动引发知觉中介观活动的出现，随后将知觉活动整合到概念形成中的宏观活动中。相反的过程在运动皮层中占主导地位，其中体现概念的宏观活动支持对未来状态的预测，作为目标。这些宏观状态被认为是按照构成实现目标的行动计划的模式来安排介观活动。这些规划模式被认为为微观活动在适应新刺激检测到的即时环境条件的轨迹中进化提供了框架。这个循环序列构成了行动感知循环。其上行支通过与行为相关的感觉皮层活动来理解。现在，脑机接口 (BMI) 通过将行为与运动皮层活动相关联，为理解下行序列提供了一种手段，从宏观目标状态开始，以记录操作神经假体的微观 MSA 轨迹结束。第 1 部分提出了一个假设，该假设定性地描述了支持行动感知循环和衍生反射弧的神经动力学。第 2 部分描述了情景式、“电影式”空间模式形成，并通过描述微观皮质感觉运动神经元活动的嵌入轨迹可能被组织和控制的宏观和介观框架，预测了一些性质。
