Parlade Meaghan Venezia, Messinger Daniel S, Delgado Christine E F, Kaiser Marygrace Yale, Van Hecke Amy Vaughan, Mundy Peter C
University of Pittsburgh, Infant Communication Lab, Department of Psychology, 210 S. Bouquet Street, 3211 Sennott Square, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Infant Behav Dev. 2009 Jan;32(1):33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2008.09.007. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
In anticipatory smiles, infants appear to communicate pre-existing positive affect by smiling at an object and then turning the smile toward an adult. We report two studies in which the precursors, development, and consequences of anticipatory smiling were investigated. Study 1 revealed a positive correlation between infant smiling at 6 months and the level of anticipatory smiling at 8 and 10 months during joint attention episodes, as well as a positive correlation between anticipatory smiling and parent-rated social expressivity scores at 30 months. Study 2 confirmed a developmental increase in the number of infants using anticipatory smiles between 9 and 12 months that had been initially documented in the Study 1 sample [Venezia, M., Messinger, D. S., Thorp, D., & Mundy, P. (2004). The development of anticipatory smiling. Infancy, 6(3), 397-406]. Additionally, anticipatory smiling at 9 months positively predicted parent-rated social competence scores at 30 months. Findings are discussed with regard to the importance of anticipatory smiling in early socioemotional development.
在预期性微笑中，婴儿似乎通过对着一个物体微笑，然后将微笑转向成人来传达预先存在的积极情感。我们报告了两项研究，其中对预期性微笑的先兆、发展和后果进行了调查。研究1显示，6个月大婴儿的微笑与8个月和10个月大婴儿在共同注意情境下的预期性微笑水平之间存在正相关，以及预期性微笑与30个月大时父母评定的社交表达能力得分之间存在正相关。研究2证实了9至12个月大婴儿使用预期性微笑的数量呈发展性增加，这一现象最初在研究1的样本中已有记录[Venezia, M., Messinger, D. S., Thorp, D., & Mundy, P. (2004). 预期性微笑的发展。《婴儿期》，6(3)，397 - 406]。此外，9个月大时的预期性微笑能正向预测30个月大时父母评定的社交能力得分。我们将结合预期性微笑在早期社会情感发展中的重要性来讨论这些研究结果。
