Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine (BgVV), Postfach 330013, D-14191, Berlin, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 1999;6(1):21-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02987117.
In the early 1970s the International Maritime Organization turned to GESAMP - a United Nations expert group - for advice in determining the hazards posed by chemicals, when released into the sea. The subsequent methods developed have been used ever since. The hazard evaluation procedure has been revised 1995 - 1998, now including inter alia aspects of chronic aquatic toxicity and biodegradation. Within this review, the old (existing) and the new (revised) hazard evaluation processes are explained. Reasons for the revisions and some still unresolved aspects are discussed. Severe evaluation problems exist for non-water soluble chemicals, e.g. oils. Hazard evaluations including testing procedures which are enforced for the categorization of bulk liquids are explained.
20 世纪 70 年代初，国际海事组织（IMO）向联合国专家组 GESAMP 寻求建议，以确定化学品释放到海洋中时所构成的危害。此后，一直沿用这些方法。1995 年至 1998 年，对危害评估程序进行了修订，目前除其他外还包括慢性水生毒性和生物降解等方面的内容。在这次审查中，解释了旧（现行）和新（修订）的危害评估程序。讨论了修订的原因和一些尚未解决的问题。对于非水溶性化学品（例如油），存在严重的评估问题。解释了包括为散装液体分类而强制实施的测试程序在内的危害评估。
