Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine (BgVV), Postfach 330013, D-14191, Berlin, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 1998;5(4):231-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02986406.
There are a number of harmful effects that have been induced by emissions from large vessels carrying bulk liquids. These are reviewed. A number of hazards are cargo-specific. Of special concern are liquids which after discharge or spillage float on the surface of the sea. Sea birds are regularly victims of discharged oil, most of which, however, is discharged from machinery spaces from all kinds of ships. Marine mammals have been contaminated or killed after tankship spills. Water soluble discharges may accumulate in fish and shellfish, thus tainting or contaminating seafood. Spills and discharges of toxic substances create direct hazards to human health. There are also hazards which are not connected with the cargo. Tankships have large hulls which are covered with antifouling paint and consequently emit toxic chemicals. Empty sea-going tankships have to be ballasted with large quantities of water. By discharging the ballast water before loading, foreign material is introduced into that remote marine environment. Connected with this are hazards for the marine environment as well as for human health.
大型液货船排放物会产生多种有害影响，本文对此进行了综述。有些危害是与货物相关的，特别是那些排放或泄漏后漂浮在海面上的液体。海鸟经常成为泄油事故的受害者，然而，其中大部分油是从各类船舶的机舱中排放的。油轮泄漏后，海洋哺乳动物受到了污染或死亡。水溶性排放物可能在鱼类和贝类中积累，从而污染或污染海鲜。有毒物质的泄漏和排放会直接对人类健康造成危害。还有一些与货物无关的危害，液货船的船体很大，覆盖着防污漆，因此会释放有毒化学物质。空的远洋油轮必须用大量的水压载，在装货前排放压载水会将外来物质引入偏远的海洋环境中。这与海洋环境以及人类健康的危害有关。
